A ménage à trois: salicylic acid, growth inhibition, and immunity. (May 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pokotylo, Igor; Hodges, Michael; Kravets, Volodymyr; Ruelland, Eric
• Is Part Of: Trends in plant science. Volume 27:Number 5(2022)
• Page Start: 460
• Page End: 471
• Publication Date: 2022-05
• Subjects: Botany -- Periodicals; Botanique -- Périodiques; Botany; Periodicals; 580.5
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.11.008
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1360-1385

Abstract

Abstract : Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone almost exclusively associated with the promotion of immunity. It is also known that SA has a negative impact on plant growth, yet only limited efforts have been dedicated to explain this facet of SA action. In this review, we focus on SA-related reduced growth and discuss whether it is a regulated process and if the role of SA in immunity imperatively comes with growth suppression. We highlight molecular targets of SA that interfere with growth and describe scenarios where SA can improve plant immunity without a growth penalty. Highlights: Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone that accumulates in plants during immunity towards pathogens. A side effect of SA accumulation is a reduction of plant growth that does not arise from SA toxicity. It is performed in a controlled manner, with SA acting as a signaling molecule. Multiple mechanisms are involved in SA-induced growth suppression and include modifying metabolism, interplay with other hormones, and affecting ROS signaling. This involves SA-binding proteins and the reprograming of the transcriptome and the proteome. In growth suppression, SA can act independently of NPR1, a classical SA-binding protein. A better understanding of SA-induced growth suppression is required in order to delineate its functions in immunity and thus develop resistant crops.