Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of available vaccines in children on biologics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Issue 19 (26th April 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gertosio, Chiara; Licari, Amelia; De Silvestri, Annalisa; Rebuffi, Chiara; Chiappini, Elena; Marseglia, Gian Luigi
• Is Part Of: Vaccine. Volume 40:Issue 19(2022)
• Page Start: 2679
• Page End: 2695
• Publication Date: 2022-04-26
• Subjects: Vaccine -- Immunogenicity -- Safety -- Efficacy -- Chronic diseases -- Biological drugs; AEs adverse events -- CAPS cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome -- HAV Hepatitis A virus -- HBV Hepatitis B virus -- GMC geometric mean concentration of antibodies -- IBD inflammatory bowel disease -- IL interleukin -- JIA juvenile idiopathic arthritis -- MMR Measles Mumps Rubella virus -- MTX Methotrexate -- NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs -- PCV7 Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine comprising seven antigens -- PCV13 Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine comprising thirteen antigens -- PPV23 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine -- PICO population-intervention-comparison-outcome -- PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses -- RCTs randomized clinical trials -- RR relative risk -- SC seroconversion rate -- SLE systemic lupus erythematosus -- SP seroprotection rate -- STROBE STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology -- TNF Tumor necrosis alpha factor -- TRAPS TNF-receptor associated syndrome -- VZV Varicella Zoster Virus; Vaccines -- Periodicals; 615.372
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.041
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0264-410X

Abstract

Highlights: More evidence concerning efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of vaccinations is needed in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics. Vaccinations should be administered before immunosuppression, if possible. It is essential to clarify how long vaccine-induced immunity lasts, and whether vaccinations protect immunosuppressive patients from infection. Abstract: Vaccinations are essential for preventing infectious diseases in children with chronic diseases as they have increased risk of infection from frequent use of biologics. Response to immunizations in this group is not well known. Objective: A systematic review was performed to evaluate three primary outcomes: efficacy; immunogenicity; and safety of vaccines in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics. Methods: The protocol for our systematic review and meta-analysis was registered and published with PROSPERO. We searched electronic bibliographic databases for studies published from 2009 to 2019, focusing on vaccinations in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics. Results: We retrieved 532 records. Thirty-one full-text articles were selected, and 14 were included in the meta-analysis. No significant publication bias was found. Efficacy : limited data are available regarding the efficacy of vaccination, as most studies have focused on immunogenicity as surrogate outcome for efficacy. Immunogenicity: patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of poor seroconversion (p = 0.028) and seroprotection by the serotype B influenza vaccine [inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) p = 0.013; juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) p = 0.004]. We found adequate responses with H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes. Few studies existed for pneumococcal, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, varicella-zoster virus, Measles Mumps Rubella virus, and multiple vaccine administration. Safety: vaccine administration was not associated with serious side effects, but JIA patients on anti-TNF alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of presenting with myalgia or arthralgia postinfluenza vaccine (p = 0.014). Conclusions: More evidence concerning efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of vaccinations is needed to guide physicians in the vaccine decision process for this pediatric population.