A systematic review on DC-microgrid protection and grounding techniques: Issues, challenges and future perspective. (1st May 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mishra, Manohar; Patnaik, Bhaskar; Biswal, Monalisa; Hasan, Shazia; Bansal, Ramesh C.
• Is Part Of: Applied energy. Volume 313(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-05-01
• Subjects: DC-microgrid -- Challenges -- Grounding -- Fault -- Protection; ACCB Alternating Current Circuit Breaker -- ACMG Alternating Current Microgrid -- AFCI Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters -- AFE Active Front End -- AFI Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter -- AI Artificial Intelligence -- AIE Active Impedance Estimation -- ANN Artificial Neural Network -- CAFI Combination-Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupter -- Cp Capacitor -- CB Circuit Breaker -- CMV Common Mode-Voltage -- CPL Constant Power Load -- CPS Crowbar Protection Scheme -- CPU Central Processing Unit -- DCB Directional Comparison Blocking -- DCDN Direct Current Distribution Network -- DCMG Direct Current Microgrid -- DCUB Directional Comparison Unblocking -- DER Distributed Energy Resource -- DOE Department of Energy -- DSP Digital Signal Processing -- DWT Discrete Wavelet Transform -- EE Environmental Engineering -- ELVDC Extra Low Voltage DC -- EML Ensemble Machine Learning -- EPS Electrical Power System -- ESD Energy Storage Device -- ESS Energy Storage System -- ETO Emitter Turn Off Thyristor -- EV Electric Vehicles -- FCBC Fault Current Blocking Converter -- FCL Fault current limiter -- FFT Fast Fourier Transform -- GTD Generation, Transmission, and Distribution -- GTO Gate Turn Off Thyristor -- HCB Hybrid Circuit Breaker -- HM-SCCB Hybrid Mechanical and SSCB -- HSSCB-MI Hybrid SSCB with mechanical isolator -- HSVI Hybrid Solid-Vacuum-Interrupter -- HVDC High Voltage DC -- IDM Islanding Detection Method -- IED Intelligent Electronic Devices -- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor -- IGCT Insulated Gate Commutated Thyristor -- KF Kalman Filter -- Lp Inductor -- LCC Line Commutated Converter -- L-G Line-to-Ground -- L-L Line-to-Line -- LVDC Low Voltage Direct Current -- MCCB Moulded Case Circuit Breaker -- MFE Multi-scale Fuzzy Entropy -- ML Machine Learning -- MMC Modular Multilevel Converter -- MPP Maximum Power Point -- MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracking -- MPS Microgrid Protection Scheme -- MRA Multi-Resolution Analysis -- MTDC Multi-Terminal Direct Current -- MVDC Medium Voltage Direct Current -- NDZ Non Detection Zone -- NEC National Electrical Code -- OCR Over Current Relay -- PCC Point of Common Coupling -- PCD Power Electronics Interfacing Unit -- PCM Power Conversion Module -- PD Protective Device -- PEC Power Electronic Converter -- PELV Protective Extra Low Voltage -- PFHO Periodically Forced Harmonic Oscillator -- PPU Power Probe Unit -- PRG Positive Rail to Ground -- PV Photovoltaic -- QIS Quick Isolating Switch -- SELV Safety Extra Low Voltage -- SP Signal Processing -- SPS Shipboard Power System -- SPV Solar Photovoltaic -- SSCB Solid State Circuit Breaker -- SST Solid State Transformer -- STFT Short Term Fourier Transform -- SVM Support Vector Machine -- VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker -- WP Wavelet Packet -- WT Wavelet Transform -- WTG Wind Turbine Generator; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Energy conservation -- Periodicals; Energy conversion -- Periodicals; 621.042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118810
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-2619

Abstract

Highlights: Advancing the state-of-the-art microgrid protection research. A critical review on DC microgrid protection issues. A critical review on DC microgrid protection challenges. A critical review on DC microgrid protective solutions. A critical discussion on open research issues and recommendation for future scope. Abstract: This article presents an up-to-date systematic review of the status, progress, and upcoming advancement regarding DC-microgrid. In recent years, the attention of researchers towards DC-microgrid has been increased as a better and viable solution in meeting the local loads at consumers' point while supplementing to stability, reliability, and controllability of a given power system. The topology, configuration, protection challenges, and issues with DC- microgrid are very much different compared to those of AC-microgrid. Moreover, the grounding requirement and its configuration are also playing an important role in DC-microgrid compared to AC-microgrid. Therefore, a separate study on DC-microgrid with a 360 0 angles of view is necessary. In this regard, this paper has tried to accumulate all recent advancements on the DC-microgrid domain in addition to traditional deeds. By this process, the authors have adopted a review strategy comprised of few specific tasks, for example (i) preparation of article database related to microgrid protection; (ii) designing inclusion/exclusion criteria to filter out the required and important articles (iii) analysing each articles based on critical viewpoints. In general, this article presents an extensive survey and analysis of methods proposed by different researchers dealing with DC microgrid protection and grounding issues. At the end, this article has also suggested a few recommendations and questions regarding future studies. We hope that the outcomes of this review paper will definitely help the readers working on a similar domain and found to be an encouraging research field.