Gender dynamics around introduction of improved forages in Kenya and Ethiopia. (6th January 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Njuguna‐Mungai, Esther; Omondi, Immaculate; Galiè, Alessandra; Jumba, Humphrey; Derseh, Melkamu; Paul, Birthe K.; Zenebe, Mesfin; Juma, Alfred; Duncan, Alan
• Is Part Of: Agronomy Journal. Volume 114:Number 1(2022)
• Page Start: 277
• Page End: 295
• Publication Date: 2022-01-06
• Subjects: Agronomy -- Periodicals; 630
• DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20956
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0002-1962

Abstract

Abstract: Improved forages of genus Brachiaria and Panicum grasses were introduced to men and women farmers in western Kenya and southern Ethiopia. To provide an understanding of the social and demographic characteristics of farming systems, a household survey was implemented in 2018/2019. In 2020, a complementary qualitative study was conducted to understand: (a) gender dynamics in accessing forage planting materials: (b) role of forage trait preferences, and (c) how the introduction of forage varieties influences gender relations in households. Forage seed/splits were accessed through women's groups. In Kenya, men and women were advised to source more forage seeds from private seed companies for scaling. In Ethiopia, men prioritized "fast regrowth" and women "nutritious biomass" traits; in Kenya, men prioritized "nutritious biomass" and women "how fast forage splits could be established" traits. The sale of the forage cuttings appeared to provide promising marketing opportunities for women, who were able to control the income generated. The introduction of improved forages, which are grown close to homesteads, reduced the time men and boys spent grazing livestock while increasing the time women and girls spent harvesting fodder. Following gender sensitivity training provided alongside forage introductions, Ethiopian men reported being involved in forage harvesting, chopping, and feeding against prevailing norms while the Kenyan women took on greater decision‐making roles. These positive outcomes in gender equity suggest that the integration of gender and forage technology trainings can secure significant gains not only for women, but also for the men in the households. Core Ideas: Use of participatory research enhanced farmers' knowledge about growing improved forages. Men and women farmers preference for improved forages were based on preferred traits. Integrating forage introductions with gender sensitivity training benefitted household relations. Time spent on grazing cattle by men reduced while women and girls time harvesting forages increased. Forage sales began to emerge as a source of income benefitting women in particular.