Proxemic maps for immersive visualization. Issue 3 (4th May 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ghaemi, Zeinab; Engelke, Ulrich; Ens, Barrett; Jenny, Bernhard
• Is Part Of: Cartography and geographic information science. Volume 49:Issue 3(2022)
• Page Start: 205
• Page End: 219
• Publication Date: 2022-05-04
• Subjects: Proxemic interaction -- proxemics -- immersive maps -- situated visualization -- augmented reality -- virtual reality -- map projection; Cartography -- Periodicals; Geographic information systems -- Periodicals; 526
• DOI: 10.1080/15230406.2021.2013946
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1523-0406

Abstract

ABSTRACT: In human computer interaction, proxemics describes the ways that people use space to interact with other people or objects. We focus on proxemic maps, which are virtual maps in immersive environments that react to proxemic interaction. Proxemic maps take advantage of new opportunities brought about by immersive visualization, where virtual maps can be freely positioned in virtual or physical space and adapt themselves relative to the spatial position of the viewer. We discuss proxemic interactions that alter the content and type of maps, including changing scale, symbolization, type of visualization and geometry. We propose a novel transformation that changes the geometry of maps based on their proximity to users. Users move the map back and forth and the map transitions between ring, horizontal, vertical and cylindrical geometries. The ring geometry surrounds the user and aligns features on the map with features in the real world. We implemented the map transformation in virtual reality and conducted a user study to evaluate it. The results of the user study indicate that participants preferred the ring and horizontal geometries. The ring geometry is useful because it simplifies connecting virtual features on the map with real features in the landscape, while the horizontal geometry provides an overall view of the landscape. We further found that combination of different geometries helped the study participants to overcome the limitations of each geometry.