Decent work in global food value chains: Evidence from Senegal. (April 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Fabry, Anna; Van den Broeck, Goedele; Maertens, Miet
• Is Part Of: World development. Volume 152(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-04
• Subjects: Agro-industry -- Rural employment -- Rural labour markets -- Rural transformation -- Smallholder farms -- Africa; Economic history -- 1990- -- Periodicals; Economic assistance -- Developing countries -- Periodicals; 330.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105790
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0305-750X

Abstract

Highlights: Global food value chains entail employment opportunities for rural women and youth, and trigger rural to rural migration. We evaluate and compare job quality of hired workers on small-scale farms and hired workers in agro-industrial companies. We construct a multidimensional decent-work index and stress the complementarity between wage and non-wage job aspects. In Senegal, ongoing agro-industrialization contributes to more decent employment in the horticultural sector. We find substantial gender wage gaps, and a lower likelihood of having decent employment among migrant and young workers. Abstract: The rapid growth and transformation of global food value chains has stimulated the development of rural labour markets and has important consequences for rural poverty reduction. While this transformation can be associated with substantial rural employment creation, there is still debate on the inclusiveness and quality of these jobs. We provide quantitative evidence on the inclusiveness of wage employment in the horticultural sector in Senegal and on the quality of this employment and disparities among vulnerable groups of workers. Using survey data from 525 workers, 392 hired workers in agro-industrial companies and 133 workers on small-scale farms, we assess the inclusiveness of employment towards female, young and migrant workers, and compare the quality of employment between these different groups of workers. The quality of employment is assessed through wages and a decent work index that captures multiple wage and non-wage dimensions of job quality. We use bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine the quality of employment and a decomposition analysis to explain wage gaps. Results suggest that job quality is better in the agro-industry than on small-scale farms. We find that the agro-industry is inclusive towards migrant, female and young workers, but that disparities in job quality exist within and across companies. Results illustrate substantial gender wage gaps across companies, but not within companies, and a lower likelihood of having decent employment among migrant and young workers. Our results suggest that wage gaps can be explained by differences in job characteristics, and are not directly based on workers' gender, age or migrant background.