Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Issue 3 (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Cousin, Ewerton; Duncan, Bruce B; Stein, Caroline; Ong, Kanyin Liane; Vos, Theo; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abdelmasseh, Michael; Abdoli, Amir; Abd-Rabu, Rami; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; Agarwal, Gina; Agrawaal, Krishna K; Agudelo-Botero, Marcela; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmadi, Keivan; Ahmadi, Sepideh; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed Salih, Yusra; Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola; Akram, Tayyaba; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth; Alipour, Vahid; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amini, Saeed; Ancuceanu, Robert; Andrei, Tudorel; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Ansar, Adnan; Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo; Antony, Benny; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Arabloo, Jalal; Arizmendi, Damian; Armocida, Benedetta; Artamonov, Anton A; Arulappan, Judie; Aryan, Zahra; Asgari, Samaneh; Ashraf, Tahira; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Atorkey, Prince; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Badiye, Ashish D; Baig, Atif Amin; Bairwa, Mohan; Baker, Jennifer L; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Banik, Palash Chandra; Barnett, Anthony; Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara; Barone-Adesi, Francesco; Barrow, Amadou; Bedi, Neeraj; Belete, Rebuma; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bell, Arielle Wilder; Bennett, Derrick A; Bensenor, Isabela M; Beran, David; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Birara, Setognal; Bodolica, Virginia; Bonny, Aime; Brenner, Hermann; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Butt, Zahid A; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Cámera, Luis Alberto; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R; Cao, Yin; Cao, Chao; Cerin, Ester; Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo; Chandan, Joht Singh; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chen, Simiao; Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chowdhury, Enayet Karim; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Corso, Barbara; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; De Neve, Jan-Walter; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar; Dhamnetiya, Deepak; Diaz, Daniel; Ebtehaj, Sanam; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Eftekharzadeh, Sahar; El Sayed, Iman; Elgendy, Islam Y; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elmonem, Mohamed A; Faisaluddin, Mohammed; Farooque, Umar; Feng, Xiaoqi; Fernandes, Eduarda; Fischer, Florian; Flood, David; Freitas, Marisa; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gad, Mohamed M; Gaewkhiew, Piyada; Getacher, Lemma; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghanei Gheshlagh, Reza; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Ghith, Nermin; Ghozali, Ghozali; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed; Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna; Golechha, Mahaveer; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Guimarães, Rafael Alves; Gupta, Rajat Das; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Sapna; Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Halwani, Rabih; Hanif, Asif; Hankey, Graeme J; Haque, Shafiul; Hasaballah, Ahmed I; Hasan, Syed Shahzad; Hashi, Abdiwahab; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hay, Simon I; Hayat, Khezar; Heidari, Mohammad; Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain; Hossain, Sahadat; Hosseini, Mostafa; Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh; Huang, Junjie; Humayun, Ayesha; Hussain, Rabia; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ikuta, Kevin S; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Iqbal, Usman; Islam, Md Shariful; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islam, Rakibul M; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Isola, Gaetano; Itumalla, Ramaiah; Iwagami, Masao; Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi; Jahani, Mohammad Ali; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jayawardena, Ranil; Jha, Ravi Prakash; John, Oommen; Jonas, Jost B; Joo, Tamas; Kabir, Ali; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kamath, Ashwin; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandel, Himal; Kapoor, Neeti; Kayode, Gbenga A; Kebede, Sewnet Adem; Keshavarz, Pedram; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khan, Moien AB; Khan, Md Nuruzzaman; Khan, Maseer; Khater, Amir M; Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kim, Min Seo; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kisa, Sezer; Kisa, Adnan; Kivimäki, Mika; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich; Korzh, Oleksii; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Nithin; Kusuma, Dian; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Larsson, Anders O; Lasrado, Savita; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Chiachi Bonnie; Lee, Paul H; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Li, Ming-Chieh; Lim, Stephen S; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Majeed, Azeem; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Mansouri, Borhan; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; Martini, Santi; Mathur, Prashant; McAlinden, Colm; Mehedi, Nafiul; Mekonnen, Teferi; Menezes, Ritesh G; Mersha, Amanual Getnet; Miao Jonasson, Junmei; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mirza, Agha Zeeshan; Mithra, Prasanna; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohammed, Arif; Mokdad, Ali H; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Moradpour, Farhad; Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah; Mostafavi, Ebrahim; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Murray, Christopher J L; Mustafa, Ahmad; Nagel, Gabriele; Nangia, Vinay; Naqvi, Atta Abbas; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nazari, Javad; Ndejjo, Rawlance; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Neupane Kandel, Sandhya; Nguyen, Cuong Tat; Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nowak, Christoph; Oancea, Bogdan; Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade; Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru; Ojo, Temitope T; Olagunju, Andrew T; Onwujekwe, Obinna E; Ortiz, Alberto; Owolabi, Mayowa O; Palladino, Raffaele; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R; Pardhan, Shahina; Parekh, Tarang; Parvizi, Mojtaba; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Perianayagam, Arokiasamy; Petcu, Ionela-Roxana; Pilania, Manju; Podder, Vivek; Polibin, Roman V; Postma, Maarten J; Prashant, Akila; Rabiee, Navid; Rabiee, Mohammad; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahman, Md. Mosfequr; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum; Rajai, Nazanin; Ram, Pradhum; Rana, Juwel; Ranabhat, Kamal; Ranasinghe, Priyanga; Rao, Chythra R; Rao, Satish; Rawaf, Salman; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawal, Lal; Renzaho, Andre M N; Rezaei, Nima; Rezapour, Aziz; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Ribeiro, Daniela; Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia; Roever, Leonardo; Rohloff, Peter; Rwegerera, Godfrey M; Ryan, Paul MacDaragh; Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed; Sabour, Siamak; Saddik, Basema; Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahoo, Harihar; Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM; Salimzadeh, Hamideh; Samaei, Mehrnoosh; Sanabria, Juan; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M; Sathian, Brijesh; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Schlaich, Markus P; Seidu, Abdul-Aziz; Šekerija, Mario; Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu; Seylani, Allen; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shamshad, Hina; Shawon, Md Shajedur Rahman; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Shetty, Jeevan K; Shiri, Rahman; Shivakumar, K M; Shuval, Kerem; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Ambrish; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad; Soheili, Amin; Sun, Jing; Szerencsés, Viktória; Szócska, Miklós; Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tadbiri, Hooman; Tadesse, Eyayou Girma; Tariqujjaman, Md.; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thapar, Rekha; Thomas, Nihal; Timalsina, Binod; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Tonelli, Marcello; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tripathy, Jaya Prasad; Tudor Car, Lorainne; Tusa, Biruk Shalmeno; Uddin, Riaz; Upadhyay, Era; Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel; Valdez, Pascual R; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Verma, Madhur; Villalobos-Daniel, Victor E; Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch; Vo, Bay; Vu, Giang Thu; Vukovic, Rade; Waheed, Yasir; Wamai, Richard G; Werdecker, Andrea; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse; Xu, Xiaoyue; Xu, Suowen; Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein; Yatsuya, Hiroshi; Yaya, Sanni; Yazie, Taklo Simeneh Yazie; Yi, Siyan; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yunusa, Ismaeel; Zadey, Siddhesh; Zaman, Sojib Bin; Zamanian, Maryam; Zamora, Nelson; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zastrozhina, Anasthasia; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhong, Chenwen; Zmaili, Mohammad; Zumla, Alimuddin; Naghavi, Mohsen; Schmidt, Maria Inês;
• Is Part Of: Lancet. Volume 10:Issue 3(2022)
• Page Start: 177
• Page End: 192
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: Diabetes -- Periodicals; Endocrinology -- Periodicals; Endocrine glands -- Diseases -- Periodicals; 616.4
• DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00349-1
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2213-8587

Abstract

Summary: Background: Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990–2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73·7% (68·3 to 77·4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0·50 (0·44 to 0·58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97·5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0·13 (0·12 to 0·14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0·60 (0·51 to 0·70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0·71 (0·60 to 0·86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC ( r 2 =0·62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17·0% (−28·4 to −2·9) for all diabetes, and by 21·0% (–33·0 to −5·9) when considering only type 1 diabetes. However, the low SDI quintile had the lowest decline for both all diabetes (−13·6% [–28·4 to 3·4]) and for type 1 diabetes (−13·6% [–29·3 to 8·9]). Interpretation: Decreasing diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years remains an important challenge, especially in low and low-middle SDI countries. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is likely to be major contributor to these early deaths, highlighting the urgent need to provide better access to insulin and basic diabetes education and care. This mortality metric, derived from readily available and frequently updated GBD data, can help to monitor preventable diabetes-related deaths over time globally, aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Targets, and serve as an indicator of the adequacy of basic diabetes care for type 1 and type 2 diabetes across nations. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.