Climate ethics and population policy: A review of recent philosophical work. (26th November 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Cafaro, Philip
• Is Part Of: Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Volume 13:Number 2(2022)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2021-11-26
• Subjects: climate change -- consumption -- growth -- limits -- population; Climatic changes -- Periodicals; Climatic changes; Periodicals; 363.7387405
• DOI: 10.1002/wcc.748
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1757-7780

Abstract

Abstract: It is well‐established that human population growth is a leading cause of increased greenhouse gas emissions and accelerating global climate change. After decades of neglect, philosophical ethicists have, over the past decade, taken up the issue of climate change and population policy and there are now numerous articles and books which explore the subject. Both rights‐based and consequentialist approaches seek to balance reproductive rights against other human rights and interests threatened by overpopulation and ecological degradation. While biocentric ethicists have additional reasons to advocate for smaller human populations, even anthropocentrists affirm the need to balance reproductive rights against reproductive responsibilities in order to promote the well‐being of future generations. There is a particularly strong consensus on the value of choice‐enhancing population policies that reduce fertility voluntarily, such as securing universal access to modern contraception and promoting equal rights and opportunities for women. There is strong support for government policies that incentivize smaller families, some support for policies that disincentivize larger ones, and little to no support for punitive policies. Many ethicists warn that failure to enact reasonable population policies now may necessitate harsher policies in the future, a common theme in climate ethics generally. This article is categorized under: Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change Abstract : Just as human population growth is a leading cause of increased greenhouse gas emissions and accelerating global climate change, reversing this growth will be key to limiting climate change and its attendant harms to people and other species. Ethicists have finally begun to grapple with what just population policies might look like in a rapidly warming world.