Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular events in women with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of 2917 postmenopausal women. (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yoshida, Yilin; Chen, Zhipeng; Baudier, Robin L.; Krousel-Wood, Marie; Anderson, Amanda H.; Fonseca, Vivian A.; Mauvais-Jarvis, Franck
• Is Part Of: Atherosclerosis. Volume 344(2022)
• Page Start: 13
• Page End: 19
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: Menopausal hormone therapy -- CVD -- Women with pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes; Arteriosclerosis -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.136
• DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.01.016
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0021-9150

Abstract

Abstract: Background and aims: The effect of MHT on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among women with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (PreDM or T2DM) is unclear. We examined the association between ever or early use MHT and CVD risk in postmenopausal women with PreDM or T2DM, and the potential modifying effect of race. Methods: 2, 917 postmenopausal women with PreDM or T2DM were pooled from 3 prospective CVD cohorts (the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and the Jackson Heart Study). Ever (yes vs no) or early use of MHT (MHT initiated ≤5 vs > 5 years since menopause), and their associations with ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: During a median follow-up of 15 years, 264 stroke, 484 CHD, and 659 ASCVD events were observed. In fully adjusted models, ever use of MHT was associated with reduced risk of stroke (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.76–0.98), CHD (0.85, 0.74–0.98), and ASCVD (0.83, 0.73–0.95) in white women with PreDM or T2DM. Early use of MHT was associated with reduced risk of stroke (0.82, 0.72–0.95), CHD (0.85, 0.74–0.98), and ASCVD (0.82, 0.70–0.96) in the white group. No risk reduction with ever or early use of MHT was found for black women with PreDM or T2DM. Conclusions: MHT is associated with statistically reduced CVD risk among white but not black women with PreDM or DM. Race is an effect modifier in the association between MHT use and CVD. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: The effect of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is unclear. Pooled analysis showed ever or early use of MHT was associated with reduced CVD risk in women with pre-diabetes or T2DM. Race may be an effect modifier to this association with the result evident in White women with pre-diabetes or T2DM.