Olfactory dysfunction as a post-infectious symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Othman, Banw Anwar; Maulud, Sazan Qadir; Jalal, Paywast Jamal; Abdulkareem, Saman Muhsin; Ahmed, Jivan Qasim; Dhawan, Manish; Priyanka, ; Choudhary, Om Prakash
• Is Part Of: Annals of medicine and surgery. Volume 75(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: SARS-CoV-2 -- COVID-19 -- Olfactory dysfunction -- Smell loss -- Taste loss; Surgery -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; General Surgery -- Periodicals; Education, Medical -- Periodicals; Periodicals; 617
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103352
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2049-0801

Abstract

Abstract: The unexpected onset smell and taste disability was being recognized as a COVID-19 related symptom. Loss of smell might occur alone or be followed by other COVID-19 symptoms, such as a dry cough, fever, headache, and shortness of breath. Other virus infections have been linked to anosmia (parainfluenza, rhinovirus, SARS, and others), affecting up to 20% of the adult population, which is much less common than SARS-CoV-2 infection. A hypothesis about the pathophysiology of post-infectious olfactory loss is that viruses could make an inflammatory response of the nasal mucosa or directly damage the olfactory neuroepithelium. However, in patients with COVID-19, loss of smell may occur without other rhino logic symptoms or suggestive nasal inflammation. According to evidence, anosmia-related SARS-CoV-2 could be a new viral syndrome unique to COVID-19. Furthermore, through experimental intranasal inoculation in mice, SARS-CoV-2 can be inoculated into the olfactory neural circuitry. This disease has not had the required focus, most likely because it is not life-threatening in and of itself. Though patients' quality of living is significantly reduced as their olfactory ability is lost, resulting in lowering and inadequate appetite, excessive or unbalanced food consumption, as well as an overall sense of insecurity. This review aims to give a quick overview of the latest epidemiological research, pathological mechanisms for the dysfunction of smell, and taste in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the initial diagnosis and treatment options for dysfunction are also discussed. Highlights: The pathological mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection in olfactory dysfunction. Pathognomonic symptoms of sinonasal impairment in COVID-19 patients. Treatment of olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection.