Comparative study of the environmental impacts of used cooking oil valorization options in Thailand. (15th May 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Thushari, Indika; Babel, Sandhya
• Is Part Of: Journal of environmental management. Volume 310(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-05-15
• Subjects: Used cooking oil -- Waste valorization -- Energy recovery -- Life cycle assessment -- Environmental impacts -- Circular economy; Environmental policy -- Periodicals; Environmental management -- Periodicals; Environment -- Periodicals; Ecology -- Periodicals; 363.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114810
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-4797

Abstract

Abstract: Used cooking oil (UCO) is a valuable resource that can be utilized in different ways. Appropriate management of UCO waste can provide environmental and economic benefits, compared to improper disposal practices. This study assessed the environmental impacts of potential UCO valorization options in Thailand. Altogether, 14 scenarios, including 10 for alternative energy recovering processes (S1-10) and other options such as soap production (S11), use in dry pig feed (DPF) production (S12), synthesis of plastics (S13) and polyol (S14), were considered. The defined system boundaries for each scenario include pretreatment, material and energy consumption, and waste treatment stages for the treatment of 1000 kg UCO. Environmental impacts in terms of global warming potential (GWP), freshwater eutrophication potential (FEP), fossil resource scarcity (FRS), and freshwater, terrestrial, and marine eco-toxicity (FE, TE, and ME, respectively) were analyzed using the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) method. The results revealed that all the current waste valorization options create an environmental burden and contribute towards GWP. Scenarios 7 and 10 showed environmental credits for FEP, FE, and ME indicators while scenario 9 did so for FRS. The processes direct energy consumption resulted in the highest contribution to GWP in Scenarios 1, 5–8, 10, 12, and 13. Environmental effects of material consumption and waste treatments were found to be the highest in bio-oil and DPF production, respectively. However, co-products produced could not offset the burden created by energy and material consumption. Overall, the results showed better environmental performance from energy recovery-based UCO management options compared to alternative processes. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Environmental impacts of fourteen UCO valorization options were considered. All the valorization options showed varying degrees of environmental burden for GWP. Energy recovery-based UCO management performed better on environmental parameters. Biogas and CHP production showed net environmental benefits of FEP, TE, and ME. Biogas and CHP production were identified as the best among the considered options.