Protection against corneal hyperosmolarity with soft-contact-lens wear. (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kim, Young Hyun; Nguyen, Thien; Lin, Meng C.; Peng, Cheng-Chun; Radke, Clayton J.
• Is Part Of: Progress in retinal and eye research. Volume 87(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: Tear osmolarity -- Post-lens tear-film osmolarity -- Contact-lens wear discomfort -- Soft contact lens -- Hyperosmolarity -- Lens-salt diffusivity -- Dry eye; Retina -- Periodicals; Retina -- Research -- Methodology -- Periodicals; Eye -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Eye -- Periodicals; Eye Diseases -- Periodicals; Retina -- Periodicals; Rétine -- Périodiques; Rétine -- Recherche -- Méthodologie -- Périodiques; 617.7005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101012
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1350-9462

Abstract

Abstract: Hyperosmotic tear stimulates human corneal nerve endings, activates ocular immune response, and elicits dry-eye symptoms. A soft contact lens (SCL) covers the cornea preventing it from experiencing direct tear evaporation and the resulting blink-periodic salinity increases. For the cornea to experience hyperosmolarity due to tear evaporation, salt must transport across the SCL to the post-lens tear film (PoLTF) bathing the cornea. Consequently, limited salt transport across a SCL potentially protects the ocular surface from hyperosmotic tear. In addition, despite lens-wear discomfort sharing common sensations to dry eye, no correlation is available between measured tear hyperosmolarity and SCL-wear discomfort. Lack of documentation is likely because clinical measurements of tear osmolarity during lens wear do not interrogate the tear osmolarity of the PoLTF that actually overlays the cornea. Rather, tear osmolarity is clinically measured in the tear meniscus. For the first time, we mathematically quantify tear osmolarity in the PoLTF and show that it differs significantly from the clinically measured tear-meniscus osmolarity. We show further that aqueous-deficient dry eye and evaporative dry eye both exacerbate the hyperosmolarity of the PoLTF. Nevertheless, depending on lens salt-transport properties (i.e., diffusivity, partition coefficient, and thickness), a SCL can indeed protect against corneal hyperosmolarity by reducing PoLTF salinity to below that of the ocular surface during no-lens wear. Importantly, PoLTF osmolarity for dry-eye patients can be reduced to that of normal eyes with no-lens wear provided that the lens exhibits a low lens-salt diffusivity. Infrequent blinking increases PoLTF osmolarity consistent with lens-wear discomfort. Judicious design of SCL material salt-transport properties can ameliorate corneal hyperosmolarity. Our results confirm the importance of PoLTF osmolarity during SCL wear and indicate a possible relation between PoLTF osmolarity and contact-lens discomfort. Highlights: Soft-contact-lens wear comfort can be associated with PoLTF hyperosmolarity. Tear evaporation and production rates affect post-lens tear-film hyperosmolarity. Post-lens tear-film osmolarity is much different than the meniscus osmolarity. Salt diffusivity of soft contact lens regulates post-lens tear-film osmolarity. Low lens-salt diffusivity can prevent post-lens tear-film hyperosmolarity.