Strategies for fuel property enhancement for second-generation multi-feedstock biodiesel. (1st May 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Goh, Brandon Han Hoe; Chong, Cheng Tung; Ong, Hwai Chyuan; Milano, Jassinnee; Shamsuddin, Abd Halim; Lee, Xin Jiat; Ng, Jo-Han
• Is Part Of: Fuel. Volume 315(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-05-01
• Subjects: Biofuel -- Alternative energy -- Waste management -- Antioxidants -- Biodiesel blending -- Environmental sustainability; Fuel -- Periodicals; Coal -- Periodicals; Coal; Fuel; Periodicals; 662.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123178
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0016-2361

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Pure Jatropha oil with high acid value is not suitable for direct transesterification. Esterified Jatropha oil and waste cooking oil were blended to produce biodiesel. Transesterification of WO/EJO produced 90.9 % biodiesel with suitable properties. The biodiesel-diesel blend improved the calorific value and oxidation stability. Antioxidants increased the acid value and kinematic viscosity of biodiesel. Abstract: Fatty acids from non-edible bioresources are highly sought after as biofuel feedstock and the use of multi-stream feedstock for biodiesel production is of interest. This study explores the potential of using blended feedstock consisting of inedible jatropha oil (JO) and waste cooking oil (WO) for biodiesel production. Prior to blending, the unfavourable high acid value of jatropha oil was esterified under the most optimal conditions of 60 °C, 1% H2 SO4 catalyst and alcohol to oil molar ratio of 11:1 to maximise the esterified yield (81.1 %). Based on the acid value measurement, the optimum volumetric blend of WO/EJO was determined to be 90/10 with the lowest acid value of 1.9 mg KOH g −1, which was then utilised as feedstock for base-catalysed transesterification. The KOH catalysed transesterification was optimised at 60 °C, 1 wt% KOH catalyst and alcohol to oil molar ratio of 6:1 to produce biodiesel with low acid value (0.2 mg KOH g −1 ), high calorific value (38.4 MJ kg −1 ), high oxidation stability (∼11 h) and favourable viscosity (4.7 mm 2 s −1 ). The results show that the produced biodiesel has acceptable physicochemical properties but its properties can further be improved by blending with petroleum diesel and antioxidant. Among those produced blend derivatives, petroleum diesel and biodiesel blend (80:20) or B20 showed the best improvement with high calorific value (46.6 MJ/kg), high oxidation stability (∼37 h) and low acid value (0.3 mg KOH g −1 ). Based on the study, in situ feedstock blending of WO/EJO can improve the physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel and reduce the dependency on single feedstock. Biodiesel blending with commercial diesel can enhance the biodiesel fuel properties and such derivatives can be directly applied in an existing engine.