Large-scale compartment fires to develop a self-extinction design framework for mass timber—Part 1: Literature review and methodology. (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Xu, Hangyu; Pope, Ian; Gupta, Vinny; Cadena, Jaime; Carrascal, Jeronimo; Lange, David; McLaggan, Martyn S.; Mendez, Julian; Osorio, Andrés; Solarte, Angela; Soriguer, Diana; Torero, Jose L.; Wiesner, Felix; Zaben, Abdulrahman; Hidalgo, Juan P.
• Is Part Of: Fire safety journal. Volume 128(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: Performance-based design -- Compartment fires -- Heat transfer -- Protection of wood -- Large-scale -- Cross-laminated timber -- Mass timber; Fire prevention -- Periodicals; Incendies -- Prévention -- Recherche -- Périodiques; Fire prevention -- Research; Periodicals; 628.92205
• DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2022.103523
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0379-7112

Abstract

Abstract: Fire safety remains a major challenge for engineered timber buildings. Their combustible nature challenges the design principles of compartmentation and structural integrity beyond burnout, which are inherent to the fire resistance framework. Therefore, self-extinction is critical for the fire-safe design of timber buildings. This paper is the first of a three-part series that seeks to establish the fundamental principles underpinning a design framework for self-extinction of engineered timber. The paper comprises: a literature review introducing the body of work developed at material and compartment scales; and the design of a large-scale testing methodology which isolates the fundamental phenomena to enable the development and validation of the required design framework. Research at the material scale has consolidated engineering principles to quantify self-extinction using external heat flux as a surrogate of the critical mass loss rate, and mass transfer or Damköhler numbers. At the compartment scale, further interdependent, complex phenomena influencing self-extinction occurrence have been demonstrated. Time-dependent phenomena include encapsulation failure, fall-off of charred lamellae and the burning of the movable fuel load, while thermal feedback is time-independent. The design of the testing methodology is described in reference to these fundamental phenomena. Highlights: Self-extinction as a critical design consideration for mass timber buildings. Literature review on solid wood and engineered timber self-extinction. Primary factors influencing flaming self-extinction of mass timber compartments. Methodology designed to validate a self-extinction design framework. Description of the large-scale testing programme.