Insights into biological role of plant defense proteins: A review. (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jain, Monika; Amera, Gizachew Muluneh; Muthukumaran, Jayaraman; Singh, Amit Kumar
• Is Part Of: Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology. Number 40(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: Plant proteins -- Thionins -- Defensins -- Cyclotides -- Lectins -- RIP -- Arcelins; HRGP Hydroxyproline Rich Glycoproteins -- RIP Ribosome Inactivating Protein -- CCK Cyclic Cystine Knot -- PFT Pore-forming toxins -- PHA Phytohaemagglutinin -- ConA Concanavalin A -- MMBL Monocot mannose binding lectins -- ChBD Chitin-binding domain -- WGA Wheat germ agglutinin -- OSA Oryza sativa agglutinin -- HVA Hordeum vulgare agglutinin -- UDA Urtica dioica Lectin -- DSL Datura stramonium Lectin -- STL Solanum tuberosum Lectin -- SLL Solanum lycopersicum Lectin; Agricultural biotechnology -- Periodicals; Enzymes -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; 660.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102293
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1878-8181

Abstract

Abstract: Proteins are diverse class of organic molecules that are structural and functional unit of the cell. The most important role of proteins is the defense against foreign molecules and pathogens. These defense proteins are found in all living organisms including plants, microbes, and animals. Various pathogens such as nematodes, bacteria, viruses, fungi etc. affect plants. Plants also need to protect themselves under various stressful conditions like chemical attacks, heavy metals, pollutants like ultraviolet rays and other unfavourable conditions. Plants produce various enzymes and secondary metabolites in response to pathogen attacks. It varies with the type of pathogen attacking the plants. Amount and type of plant defense proteins act as a molecular marker for various plant diseases, early detection of crop and forest damage. Plants produce a wide variety of defense proteins like thionins, plant defensins, ribosome inactivating protein, cyclotides, pore-forming toxins, arcelins, canatoxin, urease enzymes, plant α-amylase inhibitors, protease inhibitors and lectins. These proteins act like antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-insect etc. The proper understanding of these plant defense proteins can serve as promising tool for detection of diseases at early asymptomatic stage. This review presents a description of wide variety of plant defense proteins produced under various circumstances and environmental conditions for better understanding which can be employed in management of various important crops and damage of forest due to plant diseases. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Plants produce enzymes and secondary metabolites in response to pathogen attacks. Defensins, thionins, cyclotides, lectins, RIP, Arcelins are antimicrobial proteins. Plant proteins affect pathogens by inhibiting growth and crucial enzymes. Plant lectins show antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer activities.