Humoral antibody kinetics with ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine among Indian Healthcare workers: A 6-month longitudinal cross-sectional Coronavirus Vaccine-induced antibody titre (COVAT) study. Issue 2 (February 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar; Phatak, Sanjeev Ratnakar; Singh, Ritu; Bhattacharjee, Kingshuk; Singh, Nagendra Kumar; Gupta, Arvind; Sharma, Arvind
• Is Part Of: Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. Volume 16:Issue 2(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-02
• Subjects: Humoral response -- Anti-spike antibody -- Covishield -- Covaxin -- SARS-CoV-2 -- COVID-19; Diabetes -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Disorders -- Periodicals; Diabetes Mellitus -- Periodicals; Metabolic Diseases -- Periodicals; Diabète -- Périodiques; Métabolisme, Troubles du -- Périodiques; Endocrinologie -- Périodiques; Diabète -- Physiopathologie -- Périodiques; Diabetes; Metabolism -- Disorders; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 616.462
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102424
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1871-4021

Abstract

Abstract: Background and aims: There is limited data available on longitudinal humoral antibody dynamics following two doses of ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 among Indians. Methods: We conducted a 6-month longitudinal study in vaccinated healthcare workers by serially measuring quantitative anti-spike antibody at 3-weeks, 3-months and 6-months after the completion of second dose. Geometric mean titer (GMT) and linear mixed models were used to assess the dynamics of antibody levels at 6 months. Results: Of the 481 participants, GMT of anti-spike antibody decreased by 56% at 6-months regardless of age, gender, blood group, body-mass index and comorbidities in 360 SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals but significantly more in hypertensives. Participants with past infection had significantly higher GMT at all time points compared to the naive individuals. Among SARS-CoV-2 naive cohorts, a significantly higher GMT was noted amongst the Covishield recipients at all time points, but there was a 44% decline in GMT at 6-month compared to the peak titer period. Decline in GMT was insignificant (8%) in Covaxin recipients at 6-month despite a lower GMT at all time points vs. Covishield. There was 5.6-fold decrease in seropositivity rate at 6-month with both vaccines. Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a lower seropositivity rate at all the time points. Seropositivity rate was significantly higher with Covishield vs. Covaxin at all time points except at 6-month where Covaxin recipients had a higher seropositivity rate but no difference noted in propensity-matched analysis. Conclusions: There is waning humoral antibody response following two doses of either vaccine at six months. Covishield recipients had a higher anti-spike antibody GMT compared with Covaxin at all-time points, however a significant decline in antibody titers was seen with Covishield but not with Covaxin at 6-months. Highlights: Of the 481 participants, all 360 infection-naive people showed a significant decrease in anti-spike antibody at 6-months. Reduction in antibody was regardless of demographics, comorbidities and the vaccine type, in a 6-month linear mixed model. Despite a higher antibody titre with Covishield vs. Covaxin, decline was significant with Covishield at 6-month vs. no decline with Covaxin. T2DM cohorts had lowest seropositivity, while hypertensive had significant antibody decline at 6-months.