About the classical and structural controllability and observability of a common class of activated sludge plants. (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Neto, Otacílio B.L.; Mulas, Michela; Corona, Francesco
• Is Part Of: Journal of process control. Volume 111(2022)
• Page Start: 8
• Page End: 26
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: Activated sludge process -- Stability -- Controllability -- Observability -- Structural control -- Complex networks; Process control -- Periodicals; Fabrication -- Contrôle -- Périodiques; Process control; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 660.281
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jprocont.2021.12.013
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0959-1524

Abstract

Abstract: In this work, the stability, controllability and observability properties of a class of activated sludge plants are analysed. Specifically, the five biological reactors and the secondary settler in the Benchmark Simulation Model no. 1 (BSM1) are studied. For the task, we represented the plant as a dynamical system consisting of 145 state variables, 13 controls, 14 disturbances and 15 outputs and as a complex networks to study its full-state controllability and observability properties from a structural and a classical point of view. By analysing the topology of the network, we show how this class of systems is controllable but not observable in a structural sense, and thus how it is controllable but not observable in a classical sense for almost all possible realisations. We also show how a linearisation commonly used in the literature is neither full-state controllable nor full-state observable in the classical sense. The control and observation efforts are quantified in terms of energy- and centrality-based based metrics. Highlights: Characterisation of the dynamics for a common class of activated sludge plants. Classical and structural analysis of controllability and observability of the model. A digraph representation encodes the dynamics of a class of activated sludge plants. The plant is full-state controllable but it is unobservable in a structural sense The control and observation tasks are highly demanding even for minimal realisations.