Early visual cortex response for sound in expert blind echolocators, but not in early blind non-echolocators. (October 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tonelli, Alessia; Campus, Claudio; Gori, Monica
• Is Part Of: Neuropsychologia. Volume 147(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-10
• Subjects: Neuropsychology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Neuropsychologie -- Périodiques; Neuropsychology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107617
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0028-3932

Abstract

Abstract: Echolocation is a perceptual and navigational skill that can be acquired by some individuals. Regarding blind people, this skill can help them "see" the environment around them via a new form of auditory information based on echoes. Expert human echolocators benefit from using this technique not only in controlled environments but also in their everyday lives. In the current study, we investigate the effect of echolocation on blind people's auditory spatial abilities at the cortical level. In an auditory spatial bisection task, we tested people who are early blinds and early blind expert echolocators, along with sighted people. Our results showed that there is similar early activation (50–90 ms) in the posterior area of the scalp for both early blind expert echolocators and sighted participants, but not in the early blind group. This activation was related to sound stimulation, and it is contralateral to the position of the sound in space. These findings indicate that echolocation is a good substitute for the visual modality that enables the development of auditory spatial representations when vision is not available. Highlights: Congenital blinds have deficits in the representation of space. Expert blind echolocators show same spatial auditory skills of sighted individuals. Expert blind echolocators present the same early ERPs activations as sighted people. Echolocation as new paradigm to investigate brain reorganization.