Did the COVID-19 pandemic influence traffic fatalities in 2020? A presentation of first findings. (December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wegman, Fred; Katrakazas, Christos
• Is Part Of: IATSS research. Volume 45:Number 4(2021)
• Page Start: 469
• Page End: 484
• Publication Date: 2021-12
• Subjects: Road fatalities -- Fatality rates -- COVID-19; Traffic safety -- Periodicals; Transportation and state -- Periodicals; Verkeersveiligheid; Internationale organisaties; Traffic safety; Transportation and state; Periodicals; 363.1256
• DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2021.11.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0386-1112

Abstract

Abstract: The year 2020 was an extraordinary year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic resulted in lockdowns and confinements globally and emptier streets and roads. Traffic patterns and traffic composition (modal split) changed considerably during the pandemic and as a consequence the number of people killed and injured in road crashes. The aim of this research is to present the number of road fatalities and the fatality rates (fatalities per kilometer driven) in 2020 and to compare these numbers and rates with the previous period (2017–2019), a baseline. An online questionnaire was distributed among the forty countries that are members of the International Safety Data and Analysis Group (IRTAD) in the International Transport Forum and 24 were in a position to submit the requested information before the 1st of June 2021. The questionnaire requested information on the monthly number of fatalities on a national level for four years, (2017–2020) and on kilometres driven. The number of fatalities in 2020 was 17.3% lower in the 24 participating countries compared with the baseline period and the reduction is almost seven times higher than annually in these countries in the period 2010–2019. The reduction took place in spring 2020 and not so much in the remainder of the year. The highest reduction were measured among young (0–17) and elderly people (75 and older), with public transport and on motorways. With the exception of one country, reductions in fatalities have been measured in all countries, however we observe major differences between countries. Regarding fatality rates (fatalities per vehicle kilometer travelled), we also observe major differences between countries and not a stable pattern over 2020 and a remarkable increase in April 2020, the month with the largest fatality reduction. Countries with severe COVID-19 restrictions do not necessarily demonstrate the greatest reductions in road fatalities. It is recommended to carry our further analysis to find explanations for the results and for the differences between the countries. Highlights: The road safety impacts of COVID-19 on traffic fatalities in 2020 is presented The various governmental containment and closure strategies reduced vehicle kilometres with 10% in the 24 countries participating in this study. Comparison of the number of fatalities in 2020 with the number in a baseline-period (2017–2019) shows a reduction of 12.9% A reduction in the number of fatalities is associated with less mobility, but a comprehensive analyses should take into account more crash and injury risk factors. More detailed analysis is required to shed more light on the differences between countries.