Investigating the Effects of Lithium Deposition on the Abuse Response of Lithium-Ion Batteries. Issue 9 (15th June 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Deichmann, Eric; Torres-Castro, Loraine; Lamb, Joshua; Karulkar, Mohan; Ivanov, Sergei; Grosso, Christopher; Gray, Lucas; Langendorf, Jill; Garzon, Fernando
• Is Part Of: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. Volume 167:Issue 9(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-06-15
• Subjects: Li deposition -- overtemperature testing -- safety characteristics -- Li plating; Electrochemistry -- Periodicals; 541.3705
• DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ab9941
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0013-4651

Abstract

Abstract : Li deposition at the graphitic anode is widely reported in literature as one of the leading causes of capacity fade in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Previous literature has linked Li deposition resulting from low-temperature ageing to diminished safety characteristics, however no current research has probed the effects of Li deposition on the abuse response of well-characterized cells. Using overtemperature testing, a relationship between increased concentrations of Li deposition and exacerbated abuse response in 1 Ah pouch cells has been established. A novel Li deposition technique is also investigated, where cells with n:p < 1 (anode-limiting) have been cycled at a high rate to exploit Li + diffusion limitations at the anode. Scanning Electron Microscopy of harvested anodes indicates substantial Li deposition in low n:p cells after 20 cycles, with intricate networks of Li(s) deposits which hinder Li + intercalation/deintercalation. Peak broadening and decreased amplitude of differential capacity plots further validates a loss of lithium inventory to Li + dissolution, and Powder X-ray Diffraction indicates Li + intercalation with staging in anode interstitial sites as the extent of Li deposition increases. A cradle-to-grave approach is leveraged on cell fabrication and testing to eliminate uncertainty involving the effects of cell additives on Li deposition and other degradation mechanisms.