Europium modified TiO2 as a high-rate long-cycle life anode material for lithium-ion batteries. (12th January 2022) - Li, Jian
Abstract : Oxygen vacancies and Ti 3+ were produced by Eu 3+ /Eu 2+ doped TiO2, which features excellent rate performance and long-term stability. Abstract : Europium-modified TiO2 with different valence states was prepared by a hydrothermal method and calcined in air. Microscopic analyses revealed that the average particle size of europium-modified TiO2 nanoparticles is approximately 11.03 nm, and the particle size distribution is narrow. In addition, defects were introduced into TiO2 by doping with europium. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed different valence states of Eu 3+ /Eu 2+ in Ti1− x Eu x O2 ( x = 0.04). A mechanism for europium-modified TiO2 with different valence states is proposed. Europium-modified TiO2 features excellent rate performance and long-term stability. The discharge capacity of Ti1− x Eu x O2 ( x = 0.04) reached 417.5 mA h g −1 at the initial cycle and retained 219.1 mA h g −1 at 5C after 600 cycles. When it is cycled at 50C, the rate discharge capacity is maintained at 134.9 mA h g −1 . The electronic conductivity of TiO2 was significantly improved by doping with different valence states of europium (Eu 3+ /Eu 2+ ) due to the existence of mixed valence states of Ti 4+ /Ti 3+ .