Fully charged: An empirical study into the factors that influence connection times at EV-charging stations. (December 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wolbertus, Rick; Kroesen, Maarten; van den Hoed, Robert; Chorus, Caspar
• Is Part Of: Energy policy. Volume 123(2018)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 7
• Publication Date: 2018-12
• Subjects: Electric vehicles -- Charging infrastructure -- Connection times; Energy policy -- Periodicals; Politique énergétique -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 333.79
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.08.030
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-4215

Abstract

Abstract: This study is the first to systematically and quantitatively explore the factors that determine, the length of charging sessions at public charging stations for electric vehicles in urban areas, with, particular emphasis placed on the combined parking- and charging-related determinants of connection, times. We use a unique and large data set – containing information concerning 2.6 million charging, sessions of 64, 000 (i.e., 60% of) Dutch EV-users – in which both private users and taxi and car sharing, vehicles are included; thus representing a large variation in charging duration behaviour. Using, multinomial logistic regression techniques, we identify key factors explaining heterogeneity in charging, duration behaviour across charging stations. We show how these explanatory variables can be used to, predict EV-charging behaviour in urban areas and we derive preliminary implications for policy-makers, and planners who aim to optimize types and size of charging infrastructure. Highlights: This research analyses over 3.7 million charging sessions from public charging stations. User types such as regular chargers, taxis & car sharing users are examined. Connection times are an interplay between refueling and parking behaviour. Connection times far exceed the time needed to recharge electric vehicles. The start time and day of the week are dominant predictors for connection times.