Validation of the revised injury severity classification score in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Issue 1 (January 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Raj, Rahul; Brinck, Tuomas; Skrifvars, Markus B.; Kivisaari, Riku; Siironen, Jari; Lefering, Rolf; Handolin, Lauri
• Is Part Of: Injury. Volume 46:Issue 1(2015)
• Page Start: 86
• Page End: 93
• Publication Date: 2015-01
• Subjects: AIS abbreviated injury scale -- APACHE acute physiology and chronic health evaluation -- AUC area under the curve -- CI confidence internal -- DGU German Society of Trauma Surgery or Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie -- H–L Hosmer–Lemeshow Ĉ-statistic -- IQR interquartile range -- iso-sTBI isolated severe traumatic brain injury -- ISS injury severity score -- mTBI mild traumatic brain injury -- NISS new injury severity score -- noTBI no traumatic brain injury -- poly-sTBI polytrauma severe traumatic brain injury -- RISC revised injury severity classification -- RTS revised trauma score -- SD standard deviation -- Sektion NIS Committee on Emergency Medicine, Intensive Care and Trauma Management of the German Trauma Society -- SMR standardized mortality ratio -- sTBI severe traumatic brain injury -- TBI traumatic brain injury -- TR-DGU TraumaRegister DGU® -- TRISS trauma and injury severity score -- TR-THEL Trauma Register of Helsinki University Hospital; Traumatic brain injury -- Prognostic model -- External validation -- Revised injury severity classification score -- TR-DGU -- TR-THEL -- Trauma register; Wounds and injuries -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Accidents -- Periodicals; Wounds and Injuries -- surgery -- Periodicals; Lésions et blessures -- Chirurgie -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; Electronic journals; 617.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.08.026
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0020-1383

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: By analysing risk-adjusted mortality ratios, weaknesses in the process of care might be identified. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of death in trauma, and thus it is crucial that trauma prediction models are valid for TBI patients. Accordingly, we assessed the validity of the RISC score in TBI patients by internal and external validation analyses. Methods: Patients with moderate-to-severe TBI admitted to the TraumaRegister DGU ® (TR-DGU) and the trauma registry of Helsinki University Hospital (TR-THEL) in 2006–2011 were included in this retrospective open cohort study. Definition of moderate-to-severe TBI was head abbreviated injury scale of 3 or higher. Subgroup analysis for patients with isolated and polytrauma TBI was performed. The performance of the RISC score was evaluated by assessing its discrimination (area under the curve, AUC) and calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow [H–L] test). Results: Among the 9106 and 809 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI admitted to TR-DGU and TR-THEL, unadjusted mortality was 26% and 23%, respectively. Internal and external validation of the RISC score showed good discrimination (TR-DGU AUC 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–0.90 and TR-THEL AUC 0.84, 95% CI 0.81–0.87), but poor calibration ( p < 0.001) in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI. Subgroup analysis found the discrimination only to be modest in isolated TBI (AUC 0.76) and calibration to be particularly poor in polytrauma TBI (TR-DGU H–L = 4356, p < 0.001; TR-THEL H–L 112, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The RISC score was found to be of limited predictive value in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI. A new general trauma scoring system that includes TBI specific prognostic factors is warranted.