Effects of Sodium Restriction on Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Immune Indices During HIV Infection. (22nd August 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Srinivasa, Suman; Burdo, Tricia H.; Williams, Kenneth C.; Mitten, Emilie K.; Wong, Kimberly; Fitch, Kathleen V.; Stanley, Takara; Adler, Gail K.; Grinspoon, Steven K.
• Is Part Of: Journal of infectious diseases. Volume 214:Number 9(2016:Nov. 01)
• Page Start: 1336
• Page End: 1340
• Publication Date: 2016-08-22
• Subjects: HIV -- immune activation -- renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system -- mineralocorticoid -- sodium restriction; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; Diseases -- Causes and theories of causation -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.9
• DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw392
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-1899

Abstract

Abstract: Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients demonstrate increased activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). We evaluated changes in immune markers with physiological RAAS activation. Methods. Immune activation markers were assessed serially in 18 HIV-infected and 7 non–HIV-infected subjects consuming an ad libitum diet followed by a standardized low-sodium diet. Results. Levels of CCL-2 ( P = .0004) and soluble CD163 ( P = .0001) significantly increased with sodium restriction and RAAS activation, compared with levels in individuals with ad libitum sodium intake, among chronically treated HIV-infected subjects (mean duration of ART [±SEM], 11 ± 1 years), but not among non–HIV-infected subjects of similar age and sex. Conclusions. Dietary sodium restriction, which activates RAAS, uniquely stimulates critical indices of immune activation during HIV infection. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01407237.