FDA Approval Summary: Crizotinib for the Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Rearrangements. (28th August 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kazandjian, Dickran; Blumenthal, Gideon M.; Chen, Huan-Yu; He, Kun; Patel, Mona; Justice, Robert; Keegan, Patricia; Pazdur, Richard
• Is Part Of: Oncologist. Volume 19:Number 10(2014)
• Page Start: e5
• Page End: e11
• Publication Date: 2014-08-28
• Subjects: EML4-ALK fusion protein -- Crizotinib -- Non-small cell lung carcinoma -- Molecular targeted therapy -- Neoplasm metastasis; Oncology -- Periodicals; Tumors -- Periodicals; Cancérologie -- Périodiques; Tumeurs -- Périodiques; Oncology; Tumors; Neoplasms; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Periodicals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0241
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1083-7159

Abstract

Abstract: On August 26, 2011, crizotinib received accelerated approval for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is ALK-positive as detected by a test approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Approval was based on two single-arm trials demonstrating objective response rates (ORRs) of 50% and 61% and median response durations of 42 and 48 weeks. On November 20, 2013, crizotinib received regular approval based on confirmation of clinical benefit in study A8081007, a randomized trial in 347 patients with ALK-positive advanced NSCLC who had previously received one platinum-containing regimen. Patients were assigned (1:1) to receive crizotinib 250 mg orally twice daily or standard of care (docetaxel or pemetrexed). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) determined by independent radiology review; secondary endpoints were ORR and overall survival (OS). PFS was significantly longer in the crizotinib arm, with median PFS of 7.7 and 3.0 months in the crizotinib and chemotherapy arms, respectively, and a 46% absolute increase in ORR but no difference in OS between treatment arms at the interim analysis. The most common adverse drug reactions (>25%) in crizotinib-treated patients were vision disorders, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, edema, elevated transaminases, and fatigue. The most serious toxicities of crizotinib were hepatotoxicity, interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis, and QT-interval prolongation. Crizotinib's rapid clinical development program (6 years from identification of ALK rearrangements in a subset of NSCLC to full FDA approval) is a model of efficient drug development in this new era of molecularly targeted oncology therapy. Abstract : This paper outlines the U.S. Food and Drug Administration review of A8081007, a randomized trial comparing crizotinib and the standard of care (docetaxel or pemetrexed) in 347 patients with ALK-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer who had previously received one platinum-containing regimen. This trial was submitted to confirm the clinical benefit of crizotinib and to support conversion to regular approval.