A spectroscopic survey of X-ray-selected AGNs in the northern XMM-XXL field. Issue 1 (19th January 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Menzel, M.-L.; Merloni, A.; Georgakakis, A.; Salvato, M.; Aubourg, E.; Brandt, W. N.; Brusa, M.; Buchner, J.; Dwelly, T.; Nandra, K.; Pâris, I.; Petitjean, P.; Schwope, A.
• Is Part Of: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Volume 457:Issue 1(2016)
• Page Start: 110
• Page End: 132
• Publication Date: 2016-01-19
• Subjects: techniques: spectroscopic -- galaxies: active -- quasars: emission lines -- galaxies: starburst -- infrared: galaxies -- X-rays: galaxies; Astronomy -- Periodicals; Periodicals; 520.5
• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv2749
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0035-8711

Abstract

Abstract: This paper presents a survey of X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with optical spectroscopic follow-up in a ∼ 18 deg 2 area of the equatorial XMM-XXL north field. A sample of 8445 point-like X-ray sources detected by XMM–Newton above a limiting flux of $F_{\rm 0.5{\rm -}10\, keV} > 10^{-15} \rm \, erg\, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}$ was matched to optical (Sloan Digital Sky Survey, SDSS) and infrared (IR; WISE ) counterparts. We followed up 3042 sources brighter than r = 22.5 mag with the SDSS Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) spectrograph. The spectra yielded a reliable redshift measurement for 2578 AGNs in the redshift range z = 0.02–5.0, with 0.5-2 keV luminosities ranging from 10 39 -10 46 erg s − 1 . This is currently the largest published spectroscopic sample of X-ray-selected AGNs in a contiguous area. The BOSS spectra of AGN candidates show a distribution of optical line widths which is clearly bimodal, allowing an efficient separation between broad- and narrow-emission line AGNs. The former dominate our sample (70 per cent) due to the relatively bright X-ray flux limit and the optical BOSS magnitude limit. We classify the narrow-emission line objects (22 per cent of the full sample) using standard optical emission line diagnostics: the majority have line ratios indicating the dominant source of ionization is the AGN. A small number (8 per cent of the full sample) exhibit the typical narrow line ratios of star-forming galaxies, or only have absorption lines in their spectra. We term the latter two classes 'elusive' AGN, which would not be easy to identify correctly without their X-ray emission. We also compare X-ray ( XMM–Newton ), optical colour (SDSS) and and IR ( WISE ) AGN selections in this field. X-ray observations reveal, by far, the largest number of AGN. The overlap between the selections, which is a strong function of the imaging depth in a given band, is also remarkably small. We show using spectral stacking that a large fraction of the X-ray AGNs would not be selectable via optical or IR colours due to host galaxy contamination. A substantial fraction of AGN may therefore be missed by these longer wavelength selection methods.