Sleep disorders and non-sleep circadian disorders predict depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhang, Mi-Mi; Ma, Yan; Du, Lan-Ting; Wang, Ke; Li, Zhe; Zhu, Weili; Sun, Yu-Hui; Lu, Lin; Bao, Yan-Ping; Li, Su-Xia
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. Volume 134(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: Depression -- Circadian rhythm -- Sleep disorders -- Insomnia -- Hypersomnia -- Obstructive sleep apnea -- Restless legs syndrome -- Chronotype -- Rest-activity rhythm -- Cortisol -- Difficulty initiating sleep -- Difficulty maintaining sleep; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Human behavior -- Periodicals; Animal behavior -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Behavior -- Periodicals; Ethology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Psychophysiologie -- Périodiques; Comportement humain -- Périodiques; Animaux -- Mœurs et comportement -- Périodiques; Neurologie -- Périodiques; Animal behavior; Human behavior; Neurology; Psychophysiology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 573.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104532
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0149-7634

Abstract

Highlights: We comprehensively evaluate both sleep disorders and non-sleep circadian disorders are as predictors of the onset of depression. Subjective sleep disorders predict future depression, while objective short sleep duration is contradictory to that of subjective short sleep duration. Non-sleep circadian disorders are as a predictor of depression, although there are not enough studies to include in a meta-analysis. Abstract: Patients with depression often suffer from sleep disorders and non-sleep circadian disorders. However, whether they precede and predict subsequent depression is unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies on sleep disorders and non-sleep circadian disorders. We found insomnia, hypersomnia, short and long sleep duration, obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome and eveningness orientation at baseline all led to subsequent depression. Those with propensity to late meal patterns, heightened levels of cortisol in awakening response and low robustness of rest-activity rhythm at baseline had higher risks for later depression. Among insomnia subtypes, difficulty initiating sleep and difficulty maintaining sleep predicted future depression. Notably, persistent insomnia at baseline contributed to more than two-fold risk of incident depression compared to insomnia. Moreover, insomnia symptom numbers showed dose-dependent relationship with the incident depression. In conclusion, different types of sleep disorders and non-sleep circadian disorders were proven to be risk factors of subsequent depression, and mechanisms underlying the relationship between sleep disorders, non-sleep circadian disorders and subsequent depression should be further elucidated in the future.