The dose response principle from philosophy to modern toxicology: The impact of ancient philosophy and medicine in modern toxicology science. (2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tsatsakis, A.M.; Vassilopoulou, L.; Kovatsi, L.; Tsitsimpikou, C.; Karamanou, M.; Leon, G.; Liesivuori, J.; Hayes, A.W.; Spandidos, D.A.
• Is Part Of: Toxicology reports. Volume 5(2018)
• Page Start: 1107
• Page End: 1113
• Publication Date: 2018
• Subjects: Dose response -- Mithridatism -- Tolerance -- Hormesis -- Risk assessment -- Biomonitoring -- Toxicology science; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Clinical toxicology -- Periodicals; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Hazardous Substances; Poisoning; Toxicology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Periodicals; 571.9505
• DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.10.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2214-7500

Abstract

Highlights: The concept of dose response traces back to 8th century BC, with Hesiod's Harmonia . Mithridates VI Eupator was the first to approach the notion of dose response in practice. Paracelsus was the first to underline the importance of dose in the final toxic result of a xenobiotic. Bernard stated the dose response concept, Cushny, Harnack & Ehrlich formulated threshold and minimal effective dose terms. Hornesis stems from the biphasic nature of dose response, and can enhance risk assessment strategies. Abstract: Since ancient times the concept of dose response, from a toxicological perspective, has been a matter of concern. Already by the 8th century BC and over the years, many enlightened people have attempted to interpret this phenomenon, observing and coming across its results and practical implementation through exposure to chemical substances, either from natural or synthetic sources. Nowadays, the environmental exposure of human populations to chemicals in terms of quantity and quality might differ. Nevertheless, dose response still remains an issue joining hands with scientific and technological progress. The aim of the present review is not only to briefly recount the history of the dose response concept, from ancient time theories to novel approaches, but also to draw the outline of challenges and requirements toxicology science needs to fulfill.