Physical characteristics of Bangkok and its urban heat island phenomenon. (1st October 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pakarnseree, Rathphum; Chunkao, Kasem; Bualert, Surat
• Is Part Of: Building and environment. Volume 143(2018)
• Page Start: 561
• Page End: 569
• Publication Date: 2018-10-01
• Subjects: Urban heat island -- Urban street canyon -- Building coverage ratio -- Floor area ratio -- Cooling rate; Buildings -- Environmental engineering -- Periodicals; Building -- Research -- Periodicals; Constructions -- Technique de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 696
• DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.07.042
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0360-1323

Abstract

Abstract: Since 2000, Bangkok has maintained an average temperature rise of 0.1 °C per annum. Temperatures peaked during summer days at approximately 34 °C, was 4°c higher than the night peak. Day temperatures in both Bangkok and its neighboring provinces remained slightly different, while during the morning and evening the temperature in Bangkok rose higher than its neighboring provinces by 1 °C during the summer, and by almost 2 °C higher during the winter. Data was collected from 59 weather stations in and around Bangkok at 3-h measurement intervals during all three seasons at five year intervals in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, and this data was used to create thermal contour data. In this period there was some retention of urban heat mass during the afternoon and evening which slows down the cooling rate of the urban area when compared to surrounding areas. Bangkok is divided into 50 areas, each with different physical characteristics which also affect the urban heat island. The city's physical variables were calculated from geographic data derived from the Department of City Planning, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, including street area ratio, water area ratio, public area ratio, building coverage ratio (BCR), and floor area ratio (FAR). Key indicators of urban heat island include temperature and cooling rates. From this data, it was found that urban physical characteristics had a significant impact on the magnitude of the urban heat island, particularly the floor area ratio (FAR) and building coverage ratio (BCR), in which temperature levels at 10 p.m. and thermal cooling rate between 4 and 10 p.m. had a correlation value of over 0.50. Highlights: Temperature data in 2000 2005 2010 and 2015 from 59 meteorological and air quality monitoring stations in and around Bangkok. Temperature contour was created to track the formation and movement of UHI every 3 hours during the 3 seasons. Analysis UHI with the physical features of the city that synthesized from the GIS database of BKK administration. The findings that FAR is significantly correlated with cooling rate. This can devide 50 districts in BKK into 6 categories.