Knee motion and muscle activation patterns are altered in hip osteoarthritis: The effect of severity on walking mechanics. (November 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rutherford, Derek; Buckingham, Lindsey; Moreside, Janice; Wong, Ivan; Richardson, Glen
• Is Part Of: Clinical biomechanics. Volume 59(2018)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 7
• Publication Date: 2018-11
• Subjects: Hip osteoarthritis -- Knee kinematics -- Gait analysis -- Electromyography -- Principal component analysis; Biomechanics -- Periodicals; Osteopathic medicine -- Periodicals; Biomechanics -- Periodicals; Osteopathic Medicine -- Periodicals; 612.76
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.08.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0268-0033

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Knee function is impaired in individuals with moderate hip osteoarthritis. How this extends to those undergoing total hip arthroplasty is unknown despite the common requirement for knee arthroplasty in this population. The study purpose was to determine whether sagittal plane knee joint movements and quadriceps and hamstring activation patterns differ between individuals with either moderate or severe unilateral hip osteoarthritis, and between ipsilateral and contralateral knees. Methods: 20 individuals with moderate osteoarthritis and 20 with severe osteoarthritis were recruited. Sagittal knee motion and surface electromyograms from the hamstrings and quadriceps were collected during treadmill walking at a self-selected speed. Principal component analysis captured amplitude and temporal sagittal plane motion and EMG waveform features. Student's t -tests and Analysis of Variance determined between group differences and within/between group leg differences. Findings: The severe groups' contralateral knee was in greater flexion at initial contact and demonstrated a movement profile of a longer stance phase (p < 0.001). The severe group had reduced sagittal plane knee motion (p < 0.0001); more so in the ipsilateral knee (p < 0.0001). The severe group had greater hamstring (p = 0.009) and quadriceps activation (p < 0.001) overall, specifically mid-stance quadriceps bilaterally (p = 0.002). Ipsilateral sagittal plane knee motion was reduced in both groups. Compared with those with moderate osteoarthritis, individuals with severe osteoarthritis walk with reduced sagittal plane knee motion bilaterally, suggesting prolonged contralateral stance, and elevated mid-stance hamstring and quadriceps activation. Interpretation: Altered kinematics and muscle activity could contribute to a greater mechanical demand on the contralateral knee in those with more severe hip osteoarthritis. Highlights: Knee motion and muscle activation in moderate and severe hip osteoarthritis Ipsilateral motion reduced compared to contralateral in both groups during stance. Contralateral knee motion in severe group suggests longer stance phase. Quadriceps and hamstring activity elevated and prolonged bilaterally in severe group. Prolonged stance may help explain contralateral knee osteoarthritis development.