Spatial organization of genome architecture in neuronal development and disease. (October 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Fujita, Yuki; Yamashita, Toshihide
• Is Part Of: Neurochemistry international. Volume 119(2018)
• Page Start: 49
• Page End: 56
• Publication Date: 2018-10
• Subjects: 3D genome -- Chromosome -- Chromatin loop -- Nucleus -- Cohesin; 3C chromosome conformation capture -- CTCF CCCTC-binding factor -- SMC structural maintenance of chromosomes -- CdLS Cornelia de Lange syndrome -- FISH fluorescent in situ hybridization -- Hi-C high-throughput chromosome conformation capture -- TAD topologically associated domain -- ES embryonic stem -- iPSC induced pluripotent stem cells -- Ldb1 LIM domain-binding protein 1 -- P postnatal day -- LTP long-term potentiation -- NMDA N-methyl-d-aspartic acid -- NGF nerve growth factor -- GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid -- TF transcription factor -- SINE short interspersed nuclear element -- eRNA enhancer RNA -- NELF negative elongation factor -- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- ATRX alpha-thalassemia X-linked gene -- MeCP2 methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 -- Dlk1 delta-like homologue 1 -- Meg3 maternally expressed 3 -- Igf2 insulin-like growth factor 2 -- Dlx distal-less homeobox -- NIPBL nipped-B-like protein; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurochimie -- Périodiques; Neurochemistry; Periodicals; 612.804205
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.06.014
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0197-0186

Abstract

Abstract: Although mammalian genomes encode genetic information in their linear sequences, their fundamental function with regard to gene expression depends on the higher-order structure of chromosomes. Current techniques for the evaluation of chromosomal structure have revealed that genomes are arranged at several hierarchical levels in three-dimensional space. The spatial organization of genomes involves the formation of chromatin loops that bypass a wide range of genomic distances, providing a connection between enhancers and chromosomal domains. Furthermore, they form chromatin domains that are arranged into chromosome territories in the three-dimensional space of the cell nucleus. Recent studies have shown that the spatial organization of the genome is essential for normal brain development and function. Activity-dependent alterations in the spatial organization of the genome can regulate transcriptional activity related to neuronal plasticity. Disruptions in the higher-order chromatin architecture have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as cognitive dysfunction and anxiety. Here, we discuss the growing interest in the role of genome organization in brain development and neurological disorders. Highlights: The spatial organization of the genome and its role in transcriptional regulation are introduced. We focus on the changes in nuclear architecture in neural plasticity and development. Disruption of the three-dimensional genome structure causes neurological disorders.