Glacial landscape configuration influences channel response to flooding. Issue 1 (12th October 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Reid, David A.; Hassan, Marwan A.; McCleary, Richard
• Is Part Of: Earth surface processes and landforms. Volume 47:Issue 1(2022)
• Page Start: 209
• Page End: 227
• Publication Date: 2021-10-12
• Subjects: channel stability -- erosion -- flooding -- glaciation -- landscape history -- sediment supply; Geomorphology -- Periodicals; 551.4
• DOI: 10.1002/esp.5240
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0197-9337

Abstract

Abstract: The influence of glaciation‐induced watershed configuration on channel response to flooding remains a topic of comparatively little research despite the prevalence of paraglacial landscapes. This study examines the response of Guichon Creek, a 1, 200 km 2 catchment in the southern interior of British Columbia, to major flood events during consecutive freshets with return periods of 20–40 years. The glacial history of the Guichon Creek landscape has influenced the spatial pattern of sediment availability to the channel, with erosion of thick glaciofluvial deposits located adjacent to the mainstem channel leading to extensive destabilization of downstream reaches. Over the two flood events, Guichon Creek widened by a factor of eight, but only downstream of sediment sources. Where sediment was not available to enter the channel, major changes in width were not observed. At least 163, 000 ± 83, 000 m 3 and 73, 890 ± 11, 752 m 3 of sediment entered the stream channel during the 2017 and 2018 freshets, respectively, representing an input more than 200 times the mean annual transport capacity. Between 40% and 60% of this sediment was of a sufficient caliber to be transported as bedload. While aggradation and degradation exceeding several meters in depth was observed at some sites, net increase in storage was small, indicating substantial sediment export. Specific patterns of channel change downstream of sediment input sites correspond to gradients in stream power. We present a conceptual model contrasting profile form, sediment availability, and transport capacity between a previously glaciated and a non‐glaciated basin of similar size and relief. These findings illustrate the broad implications of glacial landscape history on channel response to flooding, and have direct implications for river management, particularly as it pertains to channel stability and aquatic habitat. Abstract : During major flood events, channels often, but not always, undergo widespread geomorphic change, with change patterns that are not always easy to explain. This study aims to investigate the role of glacial landscape history in influencing flood response. We find that glaciation‐induced changes to watershed configuration and the spatial pattern of sediment availability are likely responsible for the pattern of significant but spatially variable geomorphic response to flooding observed in Guichon Creek, B.C.