Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy: Management and Treatment. Issue 1 (2nd January 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hennein, Lauren; Robbins, Shira L.
• Is Part Of: Journal of binocular vision and ocular motility. Volume 72:Issue 1(2022)
• Page Start: 32
• Page End: 46
• Publication Date: 2022-01-02
• Subjects: Thyroid-associated orbitopathy -- thyroid eye disease -- thyroid ophthalmopathy -- Graves' ophthalmopathy; Eye -- Movements -- Periodicals; Eye -- Movement disorders -- Periodicals; Binocular vision -- Periodicals; Binocular vision; Eye -- Movements; Vision, Binocular; Ocular Motility Disorders; Ophthalmology; Periodicals; Periodical; Electronic journals; 617.762
• DOI: Https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2576117X.2021.1991182
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2576-117X

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is a leading cause of orbital and strabismus symptoms in adults. Over the last decade, new treatments have greatly changed available options to alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes. This article discusses the pathophysiology and natural disease course of TAO, including when to pursue urgent treatment and when to consider other diagnoses. This article highlights the interventions that may alter the disease course and offers a comprehensive review on evidence-based interventions for both supportive therapy and systemic agents. The surgical strategies and principles for the treatment of TAO are discussed, including indications for combined surgical interventions and varying surgical techniques.