Food obesogens as emerging metabolic disruptors; A toxicological insight. Issue 217 (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ravichandran, Guna; Lakshmanan, Dinesh Kumar; Arunachalam, Abirami; Thilagar, Sivasudha
• Is Part Of: Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. Issue 217(2021)
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: AGE advanced glycation end products -- AS artificial sweeteners -- BHA butylated hydroxyanisole -- BHT butylated hydroxytoluene -- BMI body mass index -- BPA bisphenol-A -- CMC carboxymethylcellulose -- CNS central nervous system -- CVD cardiovascular disease -- EDC endocrine disrupting chemicals -- GLUT glucose transporters -- GRAS generally recognized as safe -- GSH glutathione -- HDL high density lipoprotein -- HFCS high fructose corn syrup -- IR insulin resistance -- LPS lipopolysachharide -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase -- MetS metabolic syndrome -- MSG monosodium glutamate -- NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease -- PPARγ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma -- RAGE receptor for advanced glycation end products -- SCFA short chain fatty acid -- SOD superoxide dismutase -- T2D type-2-diabetes; Obesogen -- Food additives -- Food processing -- Obesity -- Diabetes -- Insulin resistance -- Metabolic disruption; Steroid hormones -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Hormones -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; Hormones stéroïdes -- Périodiques; Steroid hormones; Periodicals; 572.579
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106042
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0960-0760

Abstract

Highlights: Trending of western foods due to modern culture has augmented global MetS incidence. Processed foods apply plenty of synthetic chemicals for taste, flavour, and appearance. Several additives used in confectioneries, drinks, snacks, and dairy products have obesogenic properties. Additive foods are frequently consumed by large ratio of children and adults globally. Exposure to food obesogens linked with obesity, diabetes, and other lifestyle diseases. Abstract: Human food is composed of loads of chemicals derived naturally as well as unintentionally through environmental sources. Food additives added purposefully, play an important role in the palatability of foods. Most additives are synthetic whose essentiality in food processing is well-known however their health risks are not overlooked. The palatability of food should not only stimulate our eating desire alone but, also assure sufficient quality and safety. Application of food additives varies from region to region due to cultural or ethnic differences and the local food availability. There are about more than ten thousand chemicals allowed in food whereas due to weak enforcement, it becomes onerous for regulatory bodies identifying chemicals that are inadequately or not tested at all for safety. The hiking population and urbanization in many industrialized and developing countries resulted in life-style changes including culinary and eating choices. Particularly, the modern way of this globalised life demands ready-to-cook or ready-made foods, snacks, sweets, soft drinks, desserts, confectionery and so on. These sorts of food would be most uninteresting unless processed with additives. This puts food industries under demand to robustly supply foods that are either partially, fully or ultra-processed using plenty of additives. Recent research warns consuming food additives may result in serious health risks, not only for children but also for adults. Growing body of studies on food additives in various experimental animals, cell cultures, and human population suggest elevation of number of obesity and diabetes risk factors i.e. adiposity, dyslipidemia, weight gain, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, energy imbalance, hormonal intervention etc. Hence, it is important to identify and explore food obesogens or obesogenic food additives posing potential impact. Based on the recent toxicological findings, the review aspires to establish the association between exposure of food obesogen and metabolic disruption which may help filling knowledge gaps and distributing more knowledge, awareness and effective measures to implement treatment and preventive strategies for metabolic syndrome.