Massive Release of CD9+ Microvesicles in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Regardless of Virologic Control. (30th June 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Poveda, Eva; Tabernilla, Andrés; Fitzgerald, Wendy; Salgado-Barreira, Ángel; Grandal, Marta; Pérez, Alexandre; Mariño, Ana; Álvarez, Hortensia; Valcarce, Nieves; González-García, Juan; Bernardino, José Ignacio; Gutierrez, Félix; Fujioka, Hisashi; Crespo, Manuel; Ruiz-Mateos, Ezequiel; Margolis, Leonid; Lederman, Michael M; Freeman, Michael L
• Is Part Of: Journal of infectious diseases. Volume 225:Number 6(2022)
• Page Start: 1040
• Page End: 1049
• Publication Date: 2020-06-30
• Subjects: elite controllers -- extracellular vesicles -- HIV -- microvesicles -- mitochondria; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; Diseases -- Causes and theories of causation -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.9
• DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa375
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-1899

Abstract

Abstract: Background: The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis is unknown. We examine the cellular origin of plasma microvesicles (MVs), a type of ectocytosis-derived EV, the presence of mitochondria in MVs, and their relationship to circulating cell-free mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (ccf-mtDNA) in HIV-infected patients and controls. Methods: Five participant groups were defined: 30 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive; 30 ART-treated with nondetectable viremia; 30 elite controllers; 30 viremic controllers; and 30 HIV-uninfected controls. Microvesicles were quantified and characterized from plasma samples by flow cytometry. MitoTrackerDeepRed identified MVs containing mitochondria and ccf-mtDNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Microvesicle numbers were expanded at least 10-fold in all HIV-infected groups compared with controls. More than 79% were platelet-derived MVs. Proportions of MVs containing mitochondria (22.3% vs 41.6%) and MV mitochondrial density (706 vs 1346) were significantly lower among HIV-infected subjects than controls, lowest levels for those on ART. Microvesicle numbers correlated with ccf-mtDNA levels that were higher among HIV-infected patients. Conclusions: A massive release of platelet-derived MVs occurs during HIV infection. Some MVs contain mitochondria, but their proportion and mitochondrial densities were lower in HIV infection than in controls. Platelet-derived MVs may be biomarkers of platelet activation, possibly reflecting pathogenesis even in absence of HIV replication. Abstract : A massive release of platelet-derived CD9 + microvesicles occurs during HIV infection, regardless of virologic control or antiretroviral therapy administration. Some of these microvesicles contain mitochondria, but their prevalence and mitochondrial density are reduced in HIV infection.