Direct Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. (5th March 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Xue, Weiwei; Fan, Caixia; Chen, Bing; Zhao, Yannan; Xiao, Zhifeng; Dai, Jianwu
• Is Part Of: Stem cells. Volume 39:Number 8(2021)
• Page Start: 1025
• Page End: 1032
• Publication Date: 2021-03-05
• Subjects: mechanism -- microenvironment -- neural stem cells -- neuronal differentiation -- spinal cord injury; Cloning -- Periodicals; Clone cells -- Periodicals; Stem cells -- Periodicals; Cell Differentiation -- Periodicals; Cell Division -- Periodicals; Clone Cells -- Periodicals; Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- Periodicals; Stem Cells -- Periodicals; 571.84
• DOI: 10.1002/stem.3366
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1066-5099

Abstract

Abstract: Spinal cord injury (SCI) typically results in long-lasting functional deficits, largely due to primary and secondary wh ite matter damage at the site of injury. The transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has shown promise for re-establishing communications between separated regions of the spinal cord through the insertion of new neurons between the injured axons and target neurons. However, the inhibitory microenvironment that develops after SCI often causes endogenous and transplanted NSCs to differentiate into glial cells rather than neurons. Functional biomaterials have been shown to mitigate the effects of the adverse SCI microenvironment and promote the neuronal differentiation of NSCs. A clear understanding of the mechanisms of neuronal differentiation within the injury-induced microenvironment would likely allow for the development of treatment strategies designed to promote the innate ability of NSCs to differentiate into neurons. The increased differentiation of neurons may contribute to relay formation, facilitating functional recovery after SCI. In this review, we summarize current strategies used to enhance the neuronal differentiation of NSCs through the reconstruction of the SCI microenvironment and to improve the intrinsic neuronal differentiation abilities of NSCs, which is significant for SCI repair. : Diagram showing the directional neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). A, Spinal cord injury (SCI) microenvironment is unfavorable for the neuronal differentiation of NSCs. B, The application of functional biomaterials, myelin-associated inhibitor antagonists, small molecules, regenerative factors, and seed cells was used to reconstruct the SCI microenvironment and facilitate the neuronal differentiation of NSCs. C, The intrinsic neuronal differentiation abilities of NSCs were enhanced to promote neurogenesis after SCI.