Highly Purified Human Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Stem Cells Alleviate Aging Cellular Phenotypes of Senescent Human Cells. (12th March 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Liu, Senquan; Mahairaki, Vasiliki; Bai, Hao; Ding, Zheng; Li, Jiaxin; Witwer, Kenneth W.; Cheng, Linzhao
• Is Part Of: Stem cells. Volume 37:Number 6(2019)
• Page Start: 779
• Page End: 790
• Publication Date: 2019-03-12
• Subjects: Human induced pluripotent stem cells -- Mesenchymal stem cells -- Extracellular vesicles -- Aging -- Senescence -- Peroxiredoxin; Cloning -- Periodicals; Clone cells -- Periodicals; Stem cells -- Periodicals; Cell Differentiation -- Periodicals; Cell Division -- Periodicals; Clone Cells -- Periodicals; Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- Periodicals; Stem Cells -- Periodicals; 571.84
• DOI: 10.1002/stem.2996
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1066-5099

Abstract

Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, mediate intercellular communications and exert various biological activities via delivering unique cargos of functional molecules such as RNAs and proteins to recipient cells. Previous studies showed that EVs produced and secreted by human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can substitute intact MSCs for tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, we examined properties and functions of EVs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that can be cultured infinitely under a chemically defined medium free of any exogenous EVs. We collected and purified EVs secreted by human iPSCs and MSCs. Purified EVs produced by both stem cell types have similar sizes (∼150 nm in diameter), but human iPSCs produced 16-fold more EVs than MSCs. When highly purified iPSC-EVs were applied in culture to senescent MSCs that have elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), human iPSC-EVs reduced cellular ROS levels and alleviated aging phenotypes of senescent MSCs. Our discovery reveals that EVs from human stem cells can alleviate cellular aging in culture, at least in part by delivering intracellular peroxiredoxin antioxidant enzymes. Stem Cells 2019;37:779–790 : Abstract : Under a chemically defined medium, human induced pluripotent stem cells generated greater number of extracellular vesicles than mesenchymal stem cells. After collection and purification, properties and functions of extracellular vesicles secreted by human induced pluripotent stem cells and young mesenchymal stem cells were widely examined. When highly purified induced pluripotent stem cell-extracellular vesicles were applied in culture to senescent mesenchymal stem cells, they reduced cellular reactive oxygen species levels and alleviated aging phenotypes. Mechanism research reveals that extracellular vesicles from human stem cells can alleviate cellular aging in culture, at least in part by delivering intracellular peroxiredoxin antioxidant enzymes.