Glucose: archetypal biomarker in diabetes diagnosis, clinical management and research. (November 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Krentz, Andrew J; Hompesch, Marcus
• Is Part Of: Biomarkers in medicine. Volume 10:Number 11(2016)
• Page Start: 1153
• Page End: 1166
• Publication Date: 2016-11
• Subjects: biomarker -- cardiovascular disease -- continuous glucose monitoring -- diabetes mellitus -- diabetic complications -- diagnosis -- glucose -- glycated hemoglobin -- impaired fasting glucose -- impaired glucose tolerance -- microvascular complications; Biochemical markers -- Periodicals; 610.28
• DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0170
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1752-0363

Abstract

The clinical utility of diabetes biomarkers can be considered in terms of diagnosis, management and prediction of long-term vascular complications. Glucose satisfies all of these requirements. Thresholds of hyperglycemia diagnostic of diabetes reflect inflections that confer a risk of developing long-term microvascular complications. Degrees of hyperglycemia (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance) that lie below the diagnostic threshold for diabetes identify individuals at risk of progression to diabetes and/or development of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Self-measured glucose levels usefully complement hemoglobin A1c levels to guide daily management decisions. Continuous glucose monitoring provides detailed real-time data that is of value in clinical decision making, assessing response to new diabetes drugs and the development of closed-loop artificial pancreas technology.