Subareolar Tissue Biopsy Predicts Occult Nipple Involvement in Nipple-Sparing Mastectomies. Issue 2 (14th September 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ma, Lucy X; Michaels, Aya Y; Ginter, Paula S
• Is Part Of: American journal of clinical pathology. Volume 157:Issue 2(2022)
• Page Start: 266
• Page End: 272
• Publication Date: 2021-09-14
• Subjects: Nipple biopsy -- Upgrade -- Frozen section -- Intraoperative -- NSM; Diagnosis, Laboratory -- Periodicals; Pathology -- Periodicals; 616.07
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab126
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0002-9173

Abstract

Abstract: Objectives: Subareolar tissue is examined during nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) to minimize the risk of occult malignancy within the preserved nipple. A positive subareolar tissue biopsy typically warrants subsequent nipple excision. We study the factors associated with a positive subareolar tissue biopsy, the rate of residual malignancy in subsequent nipple excisions, and the value of subareolar tissue biopsy intraoperative frozen section (IOF). Methods: We identified 1, 026 consecutive NSMs with separately submitted subareolar tissue biopsies over a 5.5-year period. Clinicopathologic data were reviewed. We examined concordance rates between subareolar tissue biopsy and subsequent nipple excisions as well as IOF diagnosis and permanent control diagnosis. Results: Among cases of therapeutic NSM, the rate of a positive subareolar tissue biopsy was 7.2%. Multifocal/multicentric disease ( P = .0005), presence of lymphovascular invasion ( P = .033), and nodal involvement ( P = .006) were significantly associated with a positive subareolar tissue biopsy. Thirty-nine of 41 cases with positive subareolar biopsies underwent subsequent nipple excision, with 20 (51%) showing residual carcinoma. Among all IOF samples, 9 (3.3%) showed a discrepancy between the IOF and permanent diagnoses, mostly because of false-negatives. Conclusions: A positive subareolar tissue biopsy predicts residual carcinoma in the excised nipples in 51% of cases. IOF is accurate and reliable.