Management of metastatic melanoma with new immunotherapy approaches beyond PD-1/CTLA-4 inhibitors. Issue 2 (25th March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Devaux, Alix; Baurain, Jean-Francois
• Is Part Of: Current opinion in oncology. Volume 34:Issue 2(2022)
• Page Start: 123
• Page End: 130
• Publication Date: 2022-03-25
• Subjects: immune checkpoint inhibitors -- immune resistance -- immunotherapy -- metastatic melanoma -- tumor micro-environment; Oncology -- Periodicals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000821
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1040-8746

Abstract

Abstract : Purpose of review: If we may cure metastatic melanoma patients thanks to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), it is fair to say that around 2/3 of the patients present primary or secondary resistance to ICI. Therefore, progresses are needed and numerous new treatments are tested either alone or in combination with cytolytic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or (PD)-1 blockade to overcome this resistance. In this review, we focused on new immunotherapeutic approaches studied in advanced melanoma previously treated by anti-PD-1 (Programmed cell Death 1 receptor) or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. Recent findings: The different approaches have been classified based on 'the cancer immunity cycle'. These new strategies target either the T-cell priming and activation step, T-cell trafficking and tumor infiltration, or tumor antigen recognition by T-cell and tumor killing. Summary: Most of these novel strategies are based on mAbs targeting T-cell inhibitory or stimulatory coreceptors. The second main focus is based on modifying the tumor micro-environment. Combination strategies seem promising in few patients and suggest that a deeper understanding of the resistance in individual patients is mandatory to go further.