The potential of phenolic acids in therapy against snakebites: A review. (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ferreira, Sarah de Sousa; Silva, Diana Pontes da; Torres-Rêgo, Manoela; Silva-Júnior, Arnóbio Antônio da; Fernandes-Pedrosa, Matheus de Freitas
• Is Part Of: Toxicon. Volume 208(2022)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 12
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: Benzoic acid -- Cinnamic acid -- Envenomation -- Snakebite -- Therapy; 3FTx three-finger toxins -- 4N3OBA 4-nitro-3-octanoyloxy-benzoic acid -- ACP acid phosphatase -- ALP alkaline phosphatase -- ALT alanine aminotransferase -- Asp49-PLA2s phospholipases A2 with aspartate in position 49 -- AST aspartate aminotransferase -- BAPNA Nα-Benzoyl-L-arginine 4-nitroanilide hydrochloride -- BthTX-I Lys49-PLA2 isolated from the Bothrops jararacussu venom -- BthTX-II Asp49-PLA2 from the Bothrops jararacussu venom -- CA caffeic acid -- CHA chlorogenic acid -- CK creatine kinase -- CTL type C lectins -- Cys45 cysteine in position 45 -- DLS dynamic light scattering -- DMH minimum hemorrhagic doses -- DPTP diheptanoyl thiophosphocholine -- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography -- FACITs fibrillar-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices -- FTIR fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy -- GA gallic acid -- Gln11 glutamine in position 11 -- Gly15 glycine in position 15 -- GROMACS Groningen Machine for Chemical Simulation -- HC hemorrhagic complex -- HCh hydrophobic channel -- HMBA 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid -- HPGP 1-hex-adecanoyl-2-(1-pyrenedecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphogly-cerol -- HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial -- IC50 half maximal inhibitory concentration -- i.p. intraperitoneal route -- i.m. intramuscular route -- i.v. intravenous route -- LAAO L-amino acid oxidase -- LDH lactate dehydrogenase -- Leu10 leucine in position 10 -- Lys49-PLA2 phospholipases A2 with lysine in position 49 -- Lys7 lysine in position 7 -- MDiS membrane rupture site -- MDoS membrane docking site -- MjTX-II myotoxin isolated from Bothrops moojeni venom -- MOE 2004.05 molecular operating environment -- pCA p-coumaric acid -- PCT triacontyl p-coumarate -- pH hydrogen potential -- Phe3 phenylalanine in position 3 -- PLA2s phospholipases A2s -- Pro123 proline in position 123 -- PrTX-I Lys49-PLA2 isolated from Bothrops pirajai venom -- QSAR quantitative structure–activity relationship -- RA rosmarinic acid -- s.c. subcutaneous route -- SAXS small angle X-ray scattering -- SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis -- SPR surface plasmon resonance -- SVMPs metalloproteinases -- SVSPs serine proteases -- TBAPs thiobarbituric acid products -- TEM transmission electron microscopy -- TLC thin layer chromatography -- Trp 31 tryptophan in position 31 -- VA vanillic acid -- w: w weight: weight -- γ-GT γ-glutamyl transferase; Toxins -- Periodicals; Venom -- Periodicals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.12.019
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0041-0101

Abstract

Abstract: Ophidism is a serious health problem worldwide and is included in the World Health Organization's (WHO's) list of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Although snakebite envenoming requires emergency treatment, currently the only treatment recommended by WHO is serotherapy, which has some disadvantages such as low access to the rural population, low effectiveness in neutralizing local effects, and high cost. In this context, new alternatives for the treatment of snakebites are required. The use of plant-derived compounds to inhibit the effects caused by snake venoms has been the object of a number of studies in recent years. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the use of phenolic acids with therapeutic application against envenomation by snakes of different species. In this sense, structural analysis in silico and biological activities in vivo and in vitro were reported. The acids were subdivided into derivatives of benzoic and cinnamic acids, with derivatives of cinnamic acids being the most studied. Studies have revealed that these compounds are capable of inhibiting local and systemic effects induced by envenomation, and structural analyses indicate that the acids interact with important sites responsible for the action of toxins. Thus, it was reported that phenolic acids showed antiophidic potential, providing insights for future research to develop complementary drugs for the treatment of snakebites. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Snakebite causes high numbers of mortality and morbidity in the world. Phenolic acids inhibit symptoms of envenomation by snake venoms. Toxins were inhibited after treatment with phenolic acids. The acids inhibit the action of toxins from different snake genera. Phenolic acids can be complementary alternatives to serum therapy.