Redox-active polymers: The magic key towards energy storage – a polymer design guideline progress in polymer science. (February 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rohland, Philip; Schröter, Erik; Nolte, Oliver; Newkome, George R.; Hager, Martin D.; Schubert, Ulrich S.
• Is Part Of: Progress in polymer science. Volume 125(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-02
• Subjects: Polymer batteries -- Material design -- Solid state batteries -- Redox flow batteries -- Pseudo-caps -- 100 Years of polymer science -- Redox polymers -- Redox-active organic materials; AIBN azobis(isobutyronitrile) -- AROP anionic ring-opening polymerization -- ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization -- CP conjugated polymer -- CPDT 4H-cyclopenta [2, 1-b:3, 4-b']dithiophene-4-ol -- CRP controlled radical polymerization -- Đ dispersity -- DDQ 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-1, 4-benzoquinone -- DTP 4H-dithieno [3, 2-b:2′, 3′-d]pyrrole -- EDGMA ethylene glycol dimethacrylate -- EDLC electronic double layer capacitors -- COF covalent organic framework -- RAM-COF redox active moiety covalent organic framework -- EO ethylene oxide -- GT group transfer polymerization -- IOT internet of things -- ITO indium tin oxide -- LIB lithium ion battery -- mCPBA m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid -- NDI naphthalene diimide -- NMP nitroxide mediated polymerization -- NTCDA naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride -- OFET organic field-effect transistors -- ORB organic radical battery -- P3HT poly(3-hexylthiophene) -- PAN poly(acrylonitrile) -- PANI poly(aniline) -- PAQS poly(anthraquinonylsulfide) -- PBQS poly(benzoquinonylsulfide) -- PEDOT poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -- PEDOT:PSS poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate -- PG polymerizable group -- PMDA pyromellitic acid dianhydride -- PMMA poly(methylmethacrylate) -- PPEO poly(proxylethylenoxide) -- PPy poly(pyrrole) -- PROXYL 2, 2, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl -- PS poly(styrene) -- PSS poly(styrene sulfonate) -- PTCDA perylene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride -- PTEO poly(tempoethylene oxide), poly(4-glycidyloxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) -- PTh poly(thiophene) -- PThPy poly(dithienopyrrole) -- PTMA poly(2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-piperidenyloxyl-4-yl methacrylate) -- PVTMIO poly(5-vinyl-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethylisoindolin-2-yloxyl) -- RAFT reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer -- RAP redox-active polymer -- RFB redox flow battery -- ROMP ring-opening metathesis polymerization -- SOC state-of-charge -- TCAQ tetracyanoanthraquinone -- TEMPO 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl -- TEMPOL 4-hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-piperidinyloxyl -- TPA triphenylamine; Polymers -- Periodicals; Polymerization -- Periodicals; Polymers -- Industrial applications -- Periodicals; Polymères -- Périodiques; Polymérisation -- Périodiques; 547.7
• DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101474
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0079-6700

Abstract

Highlights: The history of redox polymers can be dated back to 1944. Organic active scaffold enables tailoring of battery properties. Polymers for energy storage do not need to be highly defined. Polymer solubility is a key factor for battery performance. Many redox polymers could be used in more than a single specialized battery system. Abstract: Renewable organic batteries represent a valuable option to store sustainably generated energy and can play a major role in phasing out current carbon-based energy production. Several approaches have emerged over the last 80 years that utilize organic redox materials as active components in batteries. In particular, polymers have gained considerable interest among numerous research groups due to their (1) fast redox chemistry, in comparison to conventional active materials, (2) straight-forward syntheses, and (3) tunable solubility, which represent favored properties for diverse electronic devices. Notably, the beginning of redox-active polymers is linked to the discovery of conductive polymers by Heeger, MacDiarmid and Shirakawa in 1977. Nevertheless, redox-active polymers were studied in 1944 making them a familiar class under the broader polymeric framework, which celebrate its 100th birthday in 2020, based on the pioneering publication by Staudinger in 1920. Since their beginning, redox-active polymers have evolved from an interesting phenomenon into a family of promising, tailor-made, battery materials that also made their way to commercialization. In this regard, this review focusses on the design of interesting polymeric, redox-active materials. Polymerization techniques are discussed regarding novel polymer architectures and utilitarian properties. The polymer architectures are subsequently analyzed within the application scenarios of solid-state batteries, pseudo-capacitors, and redox-flow batteries. Redox moieties are compared and an overview of diverse synthetic aspects as well as battery concepts for the optimal assembly of polymeric battery materials are given. Graphical abstract: Image, graphical abstract