Non-mental diseases associated with ADHD across the lifespan: Fidgety Philipp and Pippi Longstocking at risk of multimorbidity?. (January 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kittel-Schneider, Sarah; Arteaga-Henriquez, Gara; Vasquez, Alejandro Arias; Asherson, Phil; Banaschewski, Tobias; Brikell, Isabell; Buitelaar, Jan; Cormand, Bru; Faraone, Stephen V.; Freitag, Christine M.; Ginsberg, Ylva; Haavik, Jan; Hartman, Catharina A.; Kuntsi, Jonna; Larsson, Henrik; Matura, Silke; McNeill, Rhiannon V.; Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni; Ribases, Marta; Romanos, Marcel; Vainieri, Isabella; Franke, Barbara; Reif, Andreas
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. Volume 132(2022)
• Page Start: 1157
• Page End: 1180
• Publication Date: 2022-01
• Subjects: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder -- Somatic disorders -- Non-mental disease -- Asthma -- Obesity -- Migraine -- Diabetes mellitus type II -- Elimination disorders -- Epilepsy; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Human behavior -- Periodicals; Animal behavior -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Behavior -- Periodicals; Ethology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Psychophysiologie -- Périodiques; Comportement humain -- Périodiques; Animaux -- Mœurs et comportement -- Périodiques; Neurologie -- Périodiques; Animal behavior; Human behavior; Neurology; Psychophysiology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 573.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.035
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0149-7634

Abstract

Highlights: Non-mental diseases over the lifespan are associated with ADHD. Epilepsy, migraine, elimination disorders, asthma and obesity are significantly associated with ADHD over the lifespan. Diagnosing non-mental diseases in ADHD patients is important for optimizing the treatment of both conditions. Abstract: Several non-mental diseases seem to be associated with an increased risk of ADHD and ADHD seems to be associated with increased risk for non-mental diseases. The underlying trajectories leading to such brain-body co-occurrences are often unclear - are there direct causal relationships from one disorder to the other, or does the sharing of genetic and/or environmental risk factors lead to their occurring together more frequently or both? Our goal with this narrative review was to provide a conceptual synthesis of the associations between ADHD and non-mental disease across the lifespan. We discuss potential shared pathologic mechanisms, genetic background and treatments in co-occurring diseases. For those co-occurrences for which published studies with sufficient sample sizes exist, meta-analyses have been published by others and we discuss those in detail. We conclude that non-mental diseases are common in ADHD and vice versa and add to the disease burden of the patient across the lifespan. Insufficient attention to such co-occurring conditions may result in missed diagnoses and suboptimal treatment in the affected individuals.