New risk factors for early- and late-onset cardiac rupture in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Issue 3 (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Shoji, Keisuke; Yanishi, Kenji; Kawamata, Hirofumi; Hori, Yusuke; Fujioka, Ayumu; Kohno, Yoshio; Kitamura, Makoto; Furukawa, Keizo; Teramukai, Satoshi; Nakamura, Takeshi; Matoba, Satoaki
• Is Part Of: Journal of cardiology. Volume 79:Issue 3(2022)
• Page Start: 400
• Page End: 407
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: ST-elevation myocardial infarction -- Primary percutaneous coronary intervention -- Cardiac rupture -- Acute hyperglycemia -- Thrombocytopenia; Cardiology -- Periodicals; 616.12
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.10.006
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0914-5087

Abstract

Highlight: This case-control study documents new risk factors strongly related with cardiac rupture (CR) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Acute hyperglycemia and thrombocytopenia are strongly associated with early and late CR, respectively. Emergent surgical repair may lead to a reduction of in-hospital mortality in CR patients. Early prediction of CR using clinical risk factors may improve mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. Abstract: Background: Cardiac rupture (CR) is a catastrophic complication of acute myocardial infarction. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) reduces the incidence of CR. This study aimed to investigate the clinical risk factors and characteristics of CR after pPCI. Methods: This was a retrospective, case-control, multicenter study. We enrolled 2444 consecutive patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who had undergone pPCI between 2009 and 2015; 33 patients experienced CR (1.35%): 19 were assigned as early CR (≤72 h) and 14 as late CR (>72 h). The 132 controls were randomly selected from the 2411 STEMI patients without CR, by matching institutions at a 1:4 ratio. Results: : Multivariate logistic regression revealed that female sex, acute hyperglycemia, thrombocytopenia (platelets <15 × 10 4 /µL), and incomplete revascularization [post-PCI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) <3] were independent risk factors for CR ( p <0.05). Older age, female sex, and emergency surgical repair were strongly associated with in-hospital death, which occurred in 66.7% of CR patients ( p <0.05). Univariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex revealed that low systolic blood pressure, anterior infarction, acute hyperglycemia, Killip class >1, and post-PCI TIMI <3 were significantly associated with early CR, and that Killip class >1 and thrombocytopenia were strongly associated with late CR. Early CR occurred more frequently between 12:00 and 21:00 h, whereas the peak incidence of late CR was bimodal between 6:00–12:00 and 21:00–24:00 h. Conclusions: In STEMI patients after pPCI, acute hyperglycemia and thrombocytopenia are new risk factors for early and late CR, respectively. Clinical risk factors and time of occurrence of early and late CR may differ in the PCI era. Graphical abstract: Image, graphical abstract