Novel rechargeable calcium fluoride dental nanocomposites. Issue 2 (February 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mitwalli, Heba; AlSahafi, Rashed; Alhussein, Abdullah; Oates, Thomas W.; Melo, Mary Anne S.; Xu, Hockin H.K.; Weir, Michael D.
• Is Part Of: Dental materials. Volume 38:Issue 2(2022)
• Page Start: 397
• Page End: 408
• Publication Date: 2022-02
• Subjects: Resin composites -- Nanoparticles of calcium fluoride -- Calcium fluoride ion release -- Remineralization -- Rechargeability -- Dental caries inhibition; Dentistry -- Periodicals; Dental materials -- Periodicals; 617.695
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.022
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0109-5641

Abstract

Highlights: Resin formulations had a significant effect on ion recharging/re-releasing efficacy. BT-nCaF2 had the best combination of mechanical properties and ion recharge/re-release. Rechargeable nCaF2 composites had significant recharging potential of F and Ca ions. After 6 recharge cycles, composites continued F and Ca ions re-release for 42 days. Abstract: Objectives: Composite restorations with calcium fluoride nanoparticles (nCaF2 ) can remineralize tooth structure through F and Ca ion release. However, the persistence of ion release is limited. The objectives for this study were to achieve long-term remineralization by developing a rechargeable nCaF2 nanocomposite and investigating the F and Ca recharge and re-release capabilities. Methods: Three nCaF2 nanocomposites were formulated: (1) BT-nCaF2 :Bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA); (2) PE-nCaF2 :Pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA); (3) BTM-nCaF2 :BisGMA, TEGDMA, and Bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (Bis-MEP). All formulations contained 15% nCaF2 and 55% glass particles. Initial flexural strength and elastic modulus, F and Ca ion release, recharge and re-release were tested and compared to three commercial fluoride-containing materials. Results: BT and BTM nCaF2 composites were 3–4 times stronger and had elastic modulus 2 times that of resin-modified glass ionomer controls. PE-nCaF2 had comparable strength to RMGIs. All nCaF2 composites had significant F and Ca ion release and ion rechargeability. In F and Ca recharging cycles, PE-nCaF2 had the highest ion recharging capability among nCaF2 groups, followed by BT-nCaF2 and BTM-nCaF2 ( p < 0.05). For all recharge cycles, ion release maintained similar levels, demonstrating long-term ion release was possible. Furthermore, after the final recharge cycle, nCaF2 nanocomposites provided continuous ion release for 42 days without further recharge. Significance: Novel nCaF2 rechargeable nanocomposites exhibited significant F and Ca ion release over multiple recharge cycles, demonstrating continuous long-term ion release. These nanocomposites are promising restorations with lasting remineralization potential.