The questionnaire design process in the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU). (February 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: González-Alzaga, Beatriz; Hernández, Antonio F.; Kim Pack, L.; Iavicoli, Ivo; Tolonen, Hanna; Santonen, Tiina; Vinceti, Marco; Filippini, Tommaso; Moshammer, Hanns; Probst- Hensch, Nicole; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Lacasaña, Marina
• Is Part Of: Environment international. Volume 160(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-02
• Subjects: HBM4EU -- Human biomonitoring -- Environmental exposures -- Study design -- Questionnaire development -- Data collection -- Exposure characterization -- Standardised procedures; Environmental protection -- Periodicals; Environmental health -- Periodicals; Environmental monitoring -- Periodicals; Environmental Monitoring -- Periodicals; Environnement -- Protection -- Périodiques; Hygiène du milieu -- Périodiques; Environnement -- Surveillance -- Périodiques; Environmental health; Environmental monitoring; Environmental protection; Periodicals; 333.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107071
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0160-4120

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: HBM4EU aims to gather evidence on real human exposures to chemicals in Europe. The process for developing epidemiological questionnaires within HBM4EU is described. Challenges found during this process were addressed to support future research in HBM. Procedures for questionnaires design should be standardised across HBM studies. Readily accessible questionnaires will improve data collection in HBM studies. Abstract: Background: Designing questionnaires is a key point of epidemiological studies assessing human exposure to chemicals. The lack of validated questionnaires can lead to the use of previously developed and sub-optimally adapted questionnaires, which may result in information biases that affect the study's validity. On this ground, a multidisciplinary group of researchers developed a series of tools to support data collection within the HBM4EU initiative. The objective of this paper is to share the process of developing HBM4EU questionnaires, as well as to provide researchers with harmonized procedures that could help them to design future questionnaires to assess environmental exposures. Methods: In the frame of the work package on survey design and fieldwork of the HBM4EU, researchers carried out procedures necessary for the development of quality questionnaires and related data collection tools. These procedures consisted of a systematic search to identify questionnaires used in previous human biomonitoring (HBM) studies, as well as the development of a checklist and evaluation sheet to assess the questionnaires identified. The results of these evaluations were taken into consideration for the development of the final questionnaires. Results: The main points covered by each of the sections included in HBM4EU questionnaires are described and discussed in detail. Additional tools developed for data collection in the HBM4EU (e.g. non-responder questionnaire, satisfaction questionnaire, matrix-specific questionnaire) are also addressed. Special attention is paid to the limitations faced and hurdles overcome during the process of questionnaire development. Conclusions: Designing questionnaires for use in HBM studies requires substantial effort by a multidisciplinary team to guarantee that the quality of the information collected meets the study's objectives. The process of questionnaire development described herein will contribute to improve the harmonization of HBM studies within the social and environmental context of the EU countries.