Closed-loop Modulation of the Self-regulating Brain: A Review on Approaches, Emerging Paradigms, and Experimental Designs. (10th February 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Farkhondeh Tale Navi, Farhad; Heysieattalab, Soomaayeh; Ramanathan, Dhakshin S.; Raoufy, Mohammad Reza; Nazari, Mohammad Ali
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience. Volume 483(2022)
• Page Start: 104
• Page End: 126
• Publication Date: 2022-02-10
• Subjects: BCI Brain–computer interface -- BMI Brain–machine interface -- BOLD Blood oxygenated level-dependent signal -- CLDBS Closed-loop deep brain stimulation -- CLNM Closed-loop neuromodulation -- CLNS Closed-loop neuroscience -- CREB Cyclic-AMP response element binding -- DOC Disorders of consciousness -- LRTC Long-range temporal correlation -- MEP Motor evoked potential -- MFB Medial forebrain bundle -- NIBS Non-invasive brain stimulation -- NMDA N-methyl-d-aspartate -- PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder -- SO Slow-oscillations -- SWR Sharp-wave ripples -- tACS Transcranial alternating current stimulation -- tDCS Transcranial direct current stimulation -- tES Transcranial electrical stimulation -- TMS Transcranial magnetic stimulation -- VTA ventral tegmental area; closed-loop system -- neuromodulation -- neurofeedback, neural instrumental conditioning -- brain self-regulation; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurophysiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurochimie -- Périodiques; Neurophysiologie -- Périodiques; Neurochemistry; Neurophysiology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.004
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-4522

Abstract

Highlights: Closed-loop systems have been used for investigating the brain–behavior relationship. Closed-loop neuromodulation is a novel approach in the brain stimulation paradigms. Closed-loop experimental designs are drawing attention in the field of neurofeedback. Abstract: Closed-loop approaches, setups, and experimental designs have been applied within the field of neuroscience to enhance the understanding of basic neurophysiology principles (closed-loop neuroscience; CLNS) and to develop improved procedures for modulating brain circuits and networks for clinical purposes (closed-loop neuromodulation; CLNM). The contents of this review are thus arranged into the following sections. First, we describe basic research findings that have been made using CLNS. Next, we provide an overview of the application, rationale, and therapeutic aspects of CLNM for clinical purposes. Finally, we summarize methodological concerns and critics in clinical practice of neurofeedback and novel applications of closed-loop perspective and techniques to improve and optimize its experiments. Moreover, we outline the theoretical explanations and experimental ideas to test animal models of neurofeedback and discuss technical issues and challenges associated with implementing closed-loop systems. We hope this review is helpful for both basic neuroscientists and clinical/ translationally-oriented scientists interested in applying closed-loop methods to improve mental health and well-being.