Nanoparticles for generating antigen-specific T cells for immunotherapy. (August 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Est-Witte, Savannah E.; Livingston, Natalie K.; Omotoso, Mary O.; Green, Jordan J.; Schneck, Jonathan P.
• Is Part Of: Seminars in immunology. Volume 56(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-08
• Subjects: Immunoengineering -- Immunotherapy -- Nanoparticle -- T cell -- Bioengineering -- Cell therapy; Immunology -- Periodicals; Allergy and Immunology -- Periodicals; Immunity -- Periodicals; Immunologie -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.079
• DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101541
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1044-5323

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: T cell therapies have shown clinical success in cancer and autoimmunity. T cell therapies are limited by cost and patient variability. Nanoparticles (NPs) allow for enhanced delivery of immunomodulatory signals. NPs can enhance natural APCs or act as aAPCs to create antigen-specific T cells. NPs expand accessibility of patient-specific immunotherapy. Abstract: T cell therapy shows promise as an immunotherapy in both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive applications. However, the forms of T cell-based therapy that are currently in the clinic, such as adoptive cell transfer and vaccines, are limited by cost, time-to-treatment, and patient variability. Nanoparticles offer a modular, universal platform to improve the efficacy of various T cell therapies as nanoparticle properties can be easily modified for enhanced cell targeting, organ targeting, and cell internalization. Nanoparticles can enhance or even replace endogenous cells during each step of generating an antigen-specific T cell response – from antigen presentation and T cell activation to T cell maintenance. In this review, we discuss the unique applications of nanoparticles for antigen-specific T cell therapy, focusing on nanoparticles as vaccines (to activate endogenous antigen presenting cells (APCs)), as artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPCs, to directly activate T cells), and as drug delivery vehicles (to support activated T cells).