Metagenomic and proteomic approaches in elucidating aflatoxin B1 detoxification mechanisms of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota towards intestine. (February 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Liew, Winnie-Pui-Pui; Sabran, Mohd-Redzwan; Than, Leslie-Thian-Lung; Abd-Ghani, Fauzah
• Is Part Of: Food and chemical toxicology. Volume 160(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-02
• Subjects: Metagenomic -- Proteomic -- Aflatoxin B1 -- Probiotic -- Lactobacillus casei Shirota -- Toxicity -- Detoxification; AFB1 aflatoxin B1 -- GI gastrointestinal -- HCC hepatocellular carcinoma -- LC/MS/MS liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry -- Lcs Lactobacillus casei Shirota -- Nanoflow-ESI-LC/MS/MS nanoflow liquid chromatography electrospray-ionization coupled with tandem mass spectrometry -- OTU operational taxonomic unit -- PBS phosphate-buffered saline -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- SCFA short-chain fatty acids -- SD standard deviation -- WHO World Health Organization; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Food poisoning -- Periodicals; Food Poisoning -- Periodicals; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Toxicologie -- Périodiques; Intoxications alimentaires -- Périodiques; Food poisoning; Toxicology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112808
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0278-6915

Abstract

Abstract: The modulation of gut microbiota and proteome due to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) by probiotics remains unclear. This study investigated the alterations of gut microbiota and proteome in AFB1 -exposed rats treated with probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota (Lcs). Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8) comprised control, AFB1, AFB1 +activated charcoal, AFB1 +Lcs, and Lcs groups. The rats were subjected to different treatments via oral gavage for four weeks. Urine and serum were collected for the measurement of AFB1 biomarkers and organs were harvested for histological analysis. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal samples to profile gut microbiota. Besides, AFB1 most affected organ i.e. jejunum was subjected to proteomic analysis. The results indicated that Lcs intervention significantly reduced AFB1 biomarkers. H&E-stained intestine showed Lcs alleviated AFB1 -induced inflammation and abnormal cell growth, particularly at the jejunum. Although AFB1 increased potentially pathogenic bacteria and reduced beneficial bacteria abundance in feces, the microbiota composition was normalized with Lcs treatment. The gut proteome analysis of the jejunum sample showed several pathways of AFB1 toxicity, wherein Lcs treatment demonstrated its protective effect. It is concluded that metagenomic and proteomic approaches are useful tools to understand AFB1 -Lcs interaction and detoxification mechanism in the gut. Graphical abstract: AFB1 -induced toxicity towards gut microbiota and proteome. AFB1 was introduced into the rat via oral gavage. A significant alteration in the gut microbiota composition was observed where the abundance of beneficial microorganisms was reduced, while the abundance of potentially pathogenic organisms was elevated in AFB1 -exposed rats. However, the alteration in gut microbiota was alleviated upon Lcs intervention. Besides, the gut proteome was altered by AFB1, leading to the occurrence of inflammation, cancer, and ROS generation. Such events induced inflammation and reactive cells in the intestine. Lcs, on the other hand, alleviated the negative impacts of AFB1 towards the intestine. Image 1 Highlights: Lcs intervention reduced serum AFB1 and urinary AFM1 Lcs intervention normalized the gut microbiota altered by AFB1 Gut proteome analysis showed several pathways of AFB1 toxicity Alleviation of gut damage in jejunum was seen with Lcs treatment Metagenomic and proteomic approaches showed Lcs protective effect of AFB1 toxicity