Large-Volume Vascularized Muscle Grafts Engineered From Groin Adipose Tissue in Perfusion Bioreactor Culture. Issue 2 (March 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: An, Yang; Reimers, Kerstin; Allmeling, Christina; Liu, Jieli; Lazaridis, Andrea; Strauss, Sarah; Vogt, Peter M.
• Is Part Of: Journal of craniofacial surgery. Volume 31:Issue 2(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-03
• Subjects: Adipose tissue -- bioreactor -- neovascularization -- regenerative medicine -- tissue engineering; Facial bones -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Skull -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Face -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Surgery, Plastic -- Periodicals; 617.52
• DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006257
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1049-2275

Abstract

Abstract : Background: Muscle tissue engineering still remains a major challenge. An axial vascular pedicle and a perfusion bioreactor are necessary for the development and maintenance of a large-volume engineered muscle tissue to provide circulation within the construct. This study aimed to determine whether large-volume vascularized muscle-like constructs could be made from rat groin adipose tissue in a perfusion bioreactor. Methods: Epigastric adipofascial flaps based on the inferior superficial epigastric vessels were elevated bilaterally in male Lewis rats and connected to the bioreactor. The system was run using a cable pump and filled with myogenic differentiation medium in the perfusion bioreactor for 1, 3, 5, or 7 weeks. The resulting tissue constructs were characterized with respect to the morphology and muscle-related expression of genes and proteins. Results: The histological examination demonstrated intact muscle-like tissue fibers; myogenesis was verified by the expression of myosin, MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2 D, desmin—a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain (ADAM) 12—and M-cadherin using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis for desmin, MyoD1, N-cadherin, and ADAM12 was performed to verify the myogenic phenotype of the extracted differentiated tissue and prove the formation of muscle-like constructs. Conclusions: A large-volume vascularized muscle tissue could be engineered in a perfusion bioreactor. The resulting tissue had muscle-like histological features and expressed muscle-related genes and proteins, indicating that the trans-differentiation of adipose tissue into muscle tissue occurred. Abstract : Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text